Is the brain necessary for consciousness?

[Write4U]

continued.......

Stretchable, Twisted Conductive Microtubules for Wearable Computing, Robotics, Electronics, and Healthcare
Thanh Nho Do & Yon Visell
Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 1753 (2017) Cite this article
Abstract

Stretchable and flexible multifunctional electronic components, including sensors and actuators, have received increasing attention in robotics, electronics, wearable, and healthcare applications. Despite advances, it has remained challenging to design analogs of many electronic components to be highly stretchable, to be efficient to fabricate, and to provide control over electronic performance. Here, we describe highly elastic sensors and interconnects formed from thin, twisted conductive microtubules. These devices consist of twisted assemblies of thin, highly stretchable (>400%) elastomer tubules filled with liquid conductor (eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn), and fabricated using a simple roller coating process. As we demonstrate, these devices can operate as multimodal sensors for strain, rotation, contact force, or contact location. We also show that, through twisting, it is possible to control their mechanical performance and electronic sensitivity.

In extensive experiments, we have evaluated the capabilities of these devices, and have prototyped an array of applications in several domains of stretchable and wearable electronics. These devices provide a novel, low cost solution for high performance stretchable electronics with broad applications in industry, healthcare, and consumer electronics, to emerging product categories of high potential economic and societal significance.

Fabrication process for the conductive microtubules. (a) Spin coat a thin layer of liquid polymer (here, Ecoflex 00-30) onto a silicon wafer, (b) rolling coat the carbon rod with the thin layer of liquid polymer, (c) heat with a hot plate, (d) peel off the hollow microtubule, (e) inject liquid metal (EGaIn) into the hollow microtubule using a needle and syringe, (f) insert electrodes into both ends of the microtubules and twist. Structure of the microtubules with (g) different numbers of turns per twisted pair, (h) woven electronic sensing fabric using twisted conductive microtubules. Detail: Cross-sectional SEM image of microtubule. Bar scale: 100 µm.

...more
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01898-8

World of Carbon Nanotubes Stage Presentation and Posters

...much more
https://www.nisenet.org/catalog/programs/world_carbon_nanotubes

 

[Write4U]

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System pattern based on what , Exactly ?

Microtubule networks!

Always remember; Natura Artis Magistra (Nature is the teacher of the Arts (and Sciences)

 

[river]

Microtubule networks!

Based on ?

 

[Write4U]

Based on ?

Microtubule networks.

Fig. 2.
Effect of the shape on the MT network organization. (A) Protoplasts expressing MBD-GFP reporter confined in microwells of different geometries showing the effect of shape on the MT network organization. All size standards are 10 µm. (B) Cumulative distribution of the average angle of the MT network for the various geometries tested. Number of protoplasts N = 44 and number of repeats n = 12 for triangles, N = 48 and n = 10 for rectangles, N = 38 and n = 11 for squares, N = 26 and n = 7 for circles, and N = 22 and n = 4 for controls. (C) Boxplot of the anisotropy of the MT network in the different geometries tested. The number of protoplasts N and number of repeats n are the same as in B. (D) Example of the MT arrangement at the end of numerical simulations for a square domain and a rectangle domain. (E) Graph of the average angle of the MT network in rectangular and square shapes from numerical simulations of tsteps = 10,000 time steps, R = 50 repeats, and Pcross = 0.005 (with severing of MTs). (F) Anisotropy of the MT network for rectangular and square shapes in numerical simulations of tsteps = 10,000 time steps, R = 50 repeats, and Pcross = 0.005 (with severing of MTs).

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/29...GoXLDU_3eb4-1634702820-0-gqNtZGzNAiWjcnBszQgl

NIH scientists take totally tubular journey through brain cells
Study may advance understanding of how brain cell tubes are modified under normal and disease conditions.

Fantastic Voyage. NIH scientists watched the inside of brain cell tubes, called microtubules, get tagged by a protein called TAT. Tagging is a critical process in the health and development of nerve cells.Roll-Mecak lab, NINDS, Bethesda, MD

In a new study, scientists at the National Institutes of Health took a molecular-level journey into microtubules, the hollow cylinders inside brain cells that act as skeletons and internal highways. They watched how a protein called tubulin acetyltransferase (TAT) labels the inside of microtubules. The results, published in Cell, answer long-standing questions about how TAT tagging works and offer clues as to why it is important for brain health.

......more
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/new...e-totally-tubular-journey-through-brain-cells

 

[river]

Microtubule networks.

Fig. 2.
Effect of the shape on the MT network organization. (A) Protoplasts expressing MBD-GFP reporter confined in microwells of different geometries showing the effect of shape on the MT network organization. All size standards are 10 µm. (B) Cumulative distribution of the average angle of the MT network for the various geometries tested. Number of protoplasts N = 44 and number of repeats n = 12 for triangles, N = 48 and n = 10 for rectangles, N = 38 and n = 11 for squares, N = 26 and n = 7 for circles, and N = 22 and n = 4 for controls. (C) Boxplot of the anisotropy of the MT network in the different geometries tested. The number of protoplasts N and number of repeats n are the same as in B. (D) Example of the MT arrangement at the end of numerical simulations for a square domain and a rectangle domain. (E) Graph of the average angle of the MT network in rectangular and square shapes from numerical simulations of tsteps = 10,000 time steps, R = 50 repeats, and Pcross = 0.005 (with severing of MTs). (F) Anisotropy of the MT network for rectangular and square shapes in numerical simulations of tsteps = 10,000 time steps, R = 50 repeats, and Pcross = 0.005 (with severing of MTs).

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/29...GoXLDU_3eb4-1634702820-0-gqNtZGzNAiWjcnBszQgl

NIH scientists take totally tubular journey through brain cells
Study may advance understanding of how brain cell tubes are modified under normal and disease conditions.

Fantastic Voyage. NIH scientists watched the inside of brain cell tubes, called microtubules, get tagged by a protein called TAT. Tagging is a critical process in the health and development of nerve cells.Roll-Mecak lab, NINDS, Bethesda, MD

......more
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/new...e-totally-tubular-journey-through-brain-cells

All based on Life and energy and matter .

Life manipulates , and feeds from minerals in deep Earth's crust .

The Intellect will take the periodic table and manipulate it . Advanced thinking .

 

[Write4U]

All based on Life and energy and matter .

Life manipulates , and feeds from minerals in deep Earth's crust .

The Intellect will take the periodic table and manipulate it . Advanced thinking .

Naahhh. That concept requires "irreducible complexity". But self-organizing substances are not irreducibly complex.

Intellect is not required for this type of self-organization. These are purely natural mathematical functions based on the interaction of physical potentials, like electromagnetism.

Intrinsic 3d chirality[edit]

Any object that cannot be superimposed with its mirror image by translation or rotation in three dimensions has intrinsic 3d chirality. Intrinsic means that the chirality is a property of the object. In most contexts, materials described as chiral have intrinsic 3d chirality.

Typical examples are homogeneous/homogenizable chiral materials that have a chiral structure on the subwavelength scale. For example, an isotropic chiral material can comprise a random dispersion of handed molecules or inclusions, such as a liquid consisting of chiral molecules.

Handedness can also be present at the macroscopic level in structurally chiral materials. For example, the molecules of cholesteric liquid crystals are randomly positioned but macroscopically they exhibit a helicoidal orientational order. Other examples of structurally chiral materials can be fabricated either as stacks of uniaxial laminas or using sculptured thin films. Remarkably, artificial examples of both types of chiral materials were produced by J. C. Bose more than 11 decades ago.[5][6]

3D chirality causes the electromagnetic effects of optical activity and linear conversion dichroism.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(electromagnetism)#Intrinsic_3d_chirality

 

[river]

Naahhh. That concept requires "irreducible complexity". But self-organizing substances are not irreducibly complex.

Intellect is not required for this type of self-organization. These are purely natural mathematical functions based on the interaction of physical potentials, like electromagnetism.

Intrinsic 3d chirality[edit]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(electromagnetism)#Intrinsic_3d_chirality

Life and intellect .

Exactly . The physical . Neither electricity nor therefore the electromagnetic field can exist without the physical . Neither can light , from stars .

 

[Write4U]

Life and intellect .

No, this started long before life and intellect evolved from purely chemical intereactions and pattern forming. I mentioned it before . Chaos Theory.

Exactly . The physical . Neither electricity nor therefore the electromagnetic field can exist without the physical . Neither can light , from stars .

But I don't dispute that. Natural selection almost always settles on the most efficient physical expressions and patterns are mathematical in essence.
Example: Symmetry
Automorphisms of algebraic objects

In abstract algebra, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely speaking, the symmetry group of the object.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symme...try_in_quantum_mechanics:_bosons_and_fermions

Now consider microtubules that are responsible for symmetrical cell division. Little computers making copies in accordance with chromosomal instructions, resulting in symmetrical (chiral) organisms.

Micrograph showing condensed chromosomes in blue, kinetochores
in pink, and microtubules in green during metaphase of mitosis

In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.[1][2] Microtubules comprise the most abundant components of the machinery.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_apparatus

 

[river]

↑

Life and intellect .

No, this started long before life and intellect evolved from purely chemical intereactions and pattern forming. I mentioned it before . Chaos Theory.

What did you prove ?

 

[Write4U]

↑
What did you prove ?

I think I proved that the universe has quasi-intelligent Logical essence that guides all universal physical phenomena.

This becomes expressed in the chronological evolutionary self-ordering processes, including the emergent phenomenon of consciousness. This chronology is observable (with some gaps) from the fossil record that clearly show a very chaotic primitive dynamic environment where self-ordering patterns evolved from chemistry into abiogenesis and eventually into intelligent organisms. There is no mystery in that demonstrable chronology.
The problem is in the really small details such as the role microtubules played in this evolutionary process, that we are now intensively studying all over the world.

 

[river]

I think I proved that the universe has quasi-intelligent Logical essence that guides all universal physical phenomena.

This becomes expressed in the chronological evolutionary self-ordering processes, including the emergent phenomenon of consciousness. This chronology is observable (with some gaps) from the fossil record that clearly show a very chaotic primitive dynamic environment where self-ordering patterns evolved from chemistry into abiogenesis and eventually into intelligent organisms. There is no mystery in that demonstrable chronology.
The problem is in the really small details such as the role microtubules played in this evolutionary process, that we are now intensively studying all over the world.

What of reason ?

 

[Write4U]

What of reason ?

Seems to me that is a human quality.

As to purpose? Perhaps it was necessary, given certain sufficient potentials.

 

[river]

river said: ↑
What of reason ?

Seems to me that is a human quality.

As to purpose? Perhaps it was necessary, given certain sufficient potentials.

Its any advanced being Quality . Reason .

Purpose , to understand , objectively .

Logic is based on the reasoning at that time in history , whether it be Now , the past or the Future . And reasoning is based on the knowledge known at that time and the intellectual attitude of the mainstream thinking at that time . And the creativity of those at that moment in history . The 1900's was much more open minded than we are now . Logic is based on the Reasoning .

 

[Write4U]

Logic is based on the Reasoning .

I disagree with the order you suggested.
Reasoning is a thought process and is based on understanding of Logic, which is a function of cause and effect.

Logic OR Function

The Logic OR function output is only true if one or more of its inputs are true, otherwise the output is false.

The Logic OR Function function states that an output action will become TRUE if either one “OR” more events are TRUE, but the order at which they occur is unimportant as it does not affect the final result.

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_2.html#

 

[river]

I disagree with the order you suggested.
Reasoning is a thought process and is based on understanding of Logic, which is a function of cause and effect.

Logic OR Function

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_2.html#

What causes , effect and then affect is based on knowledge . Then reasoning occurs .

Logic can not exist on its own , it needs to be based on something . Knowledge . Then reasoning , then logic .

 

[Write4U]

What causes , effect and then affect is based on knowledge . Then reasoning occurs .

Logic can not exist on its own , it needs to be based on something . Knowledge . Then reasoning , then logic .

Mathematics is not reasonable. It is logical in abstract essence.

IMO, the existence of the universe itself is not necessarily reasonable, but somehow it has to be logical.
Else it would not exist.

 

[river]

Mathematics is not reasonable. It is logical in abstract essence.

IMO, the existence of the universe itself is not necessarily reasonable, but somehow it has to be logical.
Else it would not exist.

Logical , the Universe exists because nothing can never exist . Nothing has no dimensions fundamental to existence , length , breadth and depth . And nothing can never evolve nor transform into something . Something has all three . Hence exists . As you can sense . And before our senses .

 

[Write4U]

Logical , the Universe exists because nothing can never exist

I agree, but existence logically does not necessarily have to be physical. After all the 3 spatial dimensions plus 1 temporal dimension are non-physical "conditions" that nevertheless seem to govern all abstract (logical) universal laws of symmetry, balance, motion, gravity, etc, and according to Tegmark about 31 numbers can describe all the values and equations that make up the universal physical potentials.

Perhaps it is impossible for nothing to exist. The sentence itself is a contradiction in terms.

 

[river]

I agree, but existence logically does not necessarily have to be physical. After all the 3 spatial dimensions plus 1 temporal dimension are non-physical "conditions" that nevertheless seem to govern all abstract (logical) universal laws of symmetry, balance, motion, gravity, etc, and according to Tegmark about 31 numbers can describe all the values and equations that make up the universal physical potentials.

Perhaps it is impossible for nothing to exist. The sentence itself is a contradiction in terms.

The Sentence in my post#198 got you to understand nothing .

 

[Write4U]

The Sentence in my post#198 got you to understand nothing .

I agreed with your sentence in post #197 that I quoted in my post #198, because I understood what you said, but added another perspective to it. Perhaps that may have escaped you?