Thank you for a well measured post
So ... how did Christians dig themselves out of that hole?
Economics and education seem really, really important.
Yes, very much so re: education, which is often somewhat constrained, censored, oppressed due to various political and religious agendas is the key, I feel, to how the Christianity based societies managed to progress from the "dark ages". Traditional Islam could be argued, to be maintained by ongoing restrictions on education, particularly with regards to the education of women and of any view that may contradict the prevailing ideology.
Keeping in mind that "formal" education was mainly the province of the medieval Christian Church one could suggest that in evolutionary terms Christianity has the potential to "self evolve" due to the fundamental tenants of Christ's teaching.
Voluntary religious participation as distinct to forced participation. leading to secular democracies, open minded debate and the freedom to choose to be a Christian or other "with out prejudice" ultimately lead to a healthier society and nation accordingly. However let us not forget the human "will to power" that seems to rear it's ugly head so very often, a "will to power" that is endemic across all races and religions. Christianity however appears, in the main, to aid the pursuit of collective knowledge (power) rather than seek to inhibit it thus as the community acquires knowledge society can, but not always, achieve a greater freedom from the oppression that ignorance naturally generates.
Sure there are many who would condemn some in the Church for deliberately ignoring mainstream science etc avoiding the logic of Darwin for example and harken-ing to more ancient and traditional ideas of creation etc... However generally most progressive , open societies, maintain a Christian under belly to provide a moral compass regards the basics of equality, freedom and justice, and legislating accordingly.
Fundamental human rights as recommended by the UN in 1948 especially article 18 are the result and outcome of a horrific global war (WW2) and if anything the people that passed during those troubled times have not suffered in vain as the modern world united under the banner of human rights, for the first time in human history.
Reading this pre-amble to the Charter tells you many things about the times
"Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction"
http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
Unfortunately certain entrenched belief systems that existed in the world then and still do today means that the global community is not yet united under the basic issues of fundamental, individual human rights.
Modern Christianity is entirely compatible with that charter however, need I suggest that societies are made up of other issues and not just religious ones. Talk to most Christians about the equality of men and women and you will get my point.
So, yeah. I don't know, take a bunch of human beings, subject them to circumstances we've never experienced, and expect them to behave just like we want them to in order to convince ourselves that these savages are worthy of us investing the energy in pretending they are worthy. That's pretty much the problem I have with these sorts of examinations of Islam's fitness to exist in the world.
Sometimes people are not ready for freedom.
Sometimes people are not ready for democracy
Sometimes people need generational time to evolve from desert nomad to citified dwellers selling ice-cream to wealthy tourists.
Sometimes people are not ready for the wealth they are given due to what they happen to find under the ground (oil)
Often people are not ready for power...( empowerment )
Here in Australia we are well versed with what happens when a contemporary culture ( British) arrives on the door step of an ancient ( some say 50,000 years of relatively no change), self sustaining, and sometimes brutal indigenous community. Suffice to say "Culture shock" is a huge issue.
In fact one could suggest that most of today's problems with middle eastern culture stem from culture shock generated by Western greed for growth (oil) and thus power.