Mechanics of comet motion.
A comet is born when a satellite, orbiting a planet during the new moon phase, breaks out of orbit.
Having left the planet's orbit, the satellite moves against the rotation of the Sun, due to which the centrifugal force of the satellite is reduced, and as a result, the satellite rushes towards the Sun.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet
If the orbital speed of the satellite is greater than the orbital speed of the planet, then the satellite moves around the Sun in the opposite direction.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion
In the new moon phase, when the orbital speed of the planet and the satellite are equal, the centrifugal force acting on the satellite from the Sun is zero.
Perhaps for this reason, the gravity of the Sun in the new moon phase pulls the satellites of the planets out of orbit.
It is possible that fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy were pulled out of orbit by the gravity of the Sun when the comet, orbiting Jupiter, overturned and, as a result, scattered into fragments.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force
The eccentricity of a comet's orbit can be expressed using the following formula. E = Vp/Vs.
Jupiter's orbital speed is 12 km/sec.
The orbital speed of Jupiter's satellite Metis is 31 km/sec.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Solar-System-Moons-Separations-and-Radii_tbl1_256459609
Metis, synchronously rotating around Jupiter and its own axis at a speed of one revolution per 7 hours, is slowly approaching Jupiter.
And everything that rotates, including satellites, has the properties of a gyroscope, maintaining the vertical position of the axis in space regardless of the rotation of the Earth.
When the axial and orbital speed of the satellite reaches a critical point, the satellite, having the properties of a gyroscope, overturns, due to which the synchronous rotation of the satellite is transformed into asynchronous.
During a satellite capsize, a centrifugal force appears, due to which the satellite breaks into fragments, like the Shoemaker-Levy comet.
Further, one part of the satellite fragments leaves orbit, and the other crashes into the planet.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker–Levy_9
Perhaps the asteroid belt was formed from the torn apart moons of Jupiter. It is possible that the asteroid belt is located between Jupiter and Saturn.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt
Asteroids, rotating around their axis and in orbit, periodically collide with meteorites, due to which the asteroid, having the properties of a gyroscope, first sways due to a violation of the center of mass, and then overturns, leaves orbit and moves towards the Sun.
The claim that tidal forces tear apart comets is questionable. Because the tidal force is too weak and depends more on the diameter of the comet than on the distance from the Sun to the comet.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force
The above can be easily verified by experiment.
The stability of the orbits of planetary satellites is reduced by orbital resonance and eccentricity.
Perhaps the gyroscope has other unstudied properties, one of them is the Dzhanibekov effect.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance
Anticyclones also have gyroscope properties, due to which anticyclones are blocked.
http://meteoweb.ru/2018/phen20180730.php