No, there are no long term health problems directly caused by sleep deprivation, I spoke to a medical professional about this once. Any problems you experience like increased stress, or mental/physical fatigue, will go away once you start getting enough sleep again.
If you become truly exhausted you may pass out/faint - this is a scary experience but generally not harmful (unless you fall and hit your head
)
There is a certain part of your mind that needs rest for you to live. There was this one case, of this man, who had some incredibly rare disease, in which he couldn't sleep at all, and it eventually killed him (I think it took a few months though).
I asked "Well why couldn't he just go to the hospital and be knocked unconscious like they do for patients who undergo open heart surgery, just give him a poweful anesthetic or hit him over the back of the head with a cowbar?" I was told there is a certain part of your brain that needs sleep, and even if you were to do that, you wouldn't be able to target that area of the brain.
Remember the brain is a very complex organ. We as humans supposedly only use about a 3rd of it (that is why someone people who get shot in the head survive). The left side of the brain is responsible for certain things, and the right for others. The ortibal cortex has a different function than parts of the brain in the back.
You should be ok; but I wouldn't let this go on much longer. If your body needs sleep, you'll sleep. But not getting enough sleep usually has a really nasty effect on peoples personality.