Questions about gravity

What is mass?
How does mass turn into energy/photons?
How does energy/photons turn into mass?
What is a photon?
How does a photon travel through nothing/space?
Why does electricity's velocity in a wire depend on the insulation not the conductor?
You mean what is physics? There are simple answers to these questions but those will lead to more questions.

Depending on your age and country I would get a high school physics book out of the library and go through the particles/ atoms section.

That will take you so far.

In short to answer some of your questions, particles give the atom and therefore "matter" mass.

What gives the particles mass? The Higgs mechanism gives some of the particles mass via the interaction or coupling with the Higgs field.
A photon is a force carrier in the electromagnetic field and comes in discrete packets or "quanta." This is light but also all waves electromagnetic waves in the EM spectrum that we cannot see, radiation. So radio waves, micro waves, UV, X-rays and gamma waves.
Energy and mass are two sides of the same coin and are related via the equation E=MC squared. Einsteins famous equation.

These are simple answers so I suggest you look this stuff up if you are interested.
Physics is fun!
 
The theory no more decides this than the statement "Jimmy is a pig" decides whether a literal assertion is being made or not. We decide. We can choose to read it literally or metaphorically.

It just occurred to me -- to my absolute horror! -- that the above might be read as if I was trying to insult James or something. I wasn't!!! I used the first name that came into my head. My apologies to James for any potential misunderstanding.

(I may have selected the name Jimmy because in Scotland, where I come from, everyone is called Jimmy - even the women, lol)
 
My favorite horror story revolves around gravity. A space-faring being, immortal insofar as anyone could tell, gets caught in the gravity well of a neutron star. It's ship crashes there and the dude is spread out molecule thick over the surface of the star. But, being immortal, it can't die. At least not until the final dissolution of the universe we know has come about.

The creepy guy in the black suit, smoking, stands in a corner and narrates.
 
My favorite horror story revolves around gravity. A space-faring being, immortal insofar as anyone could tell, gets caught in the gravity well of a neutron star. It's ship crashes there and the dude is spread out molecule thick over the surface of the star. But, being immortal, it can't die. At least not until the final dissolution of the universe we know has come about.
What? Who wrote this story?
How does being immortal mean it can survive - and think - while spread out one molecule thick?
 
A living being born and long raised in 0-g, if continuing to live at all, will have a devil of a time powering along in space accelerating at 1-Earth-gravity.

A living being born and long raised at 1-Moon-gravity (1/6th 1-Earth-gravity) will have a devil of a time in space surviving powering along accelerating at 2-Earth-gravities, much less 3-Earth-gravities of continuous acceleration (12 Moon gravities of continuous acceleration to 2-Earth gravities / 18 Moon gravities of continuous acceleration to 3-Earth-gravities of continuous acceleration).

Born and raised on Mars at 1/3rd 1-Earth-gravity....
 
A living being born and long raised in 0-g, if continuing to live at all, will have a devil of a time powering along in space accelerating at 1-Earth-gravity.

A living being born and long raised at 1-Moon-gravity (1/6th 1-Earth-gravity) will have a devil of a time in space surviving powering along accelerating at 2-Earth-gravities, much less 3-Earth-gravities of continuous acceleration (12 Moon gravities of continuous acceleration to 2-Earth gravities / 18 Moon gravities of continuous acceleration to 3-Earth-gravities of continuous acceleration).

Born and raised on Mars at 1/3rd 1-Earth-gravity....
Maybe.

We assume a creature evolving in low gravity will be comparatively weak and flaccid but it's a crap shoot.

For all we know, the evolutionary drivers are completely different where they are. For example, a hard exoskeleton and strong muscles might prove critical for survival for critters that have to dig down into packed earth to escape radiation and predation.

They might come to Earth and say "Wait, what? All you have to dig your way through is this near-vacuum you call 'air'????" I'm gonna be a superman on your planet!!"
 
There are some who have considered the possibility that GR and/or QM must be modified or superceded.

Tesla didn't like curved space/time at all, and Einstein had his doubts about QM.
The physicist from Oxford definitely thinks QM needs modification.
 
There are some who have considered the possibility that GR and/or QM must be modified or superceded.

Tesla didn't like curved space/time at all, and Einstein had his doubts about QM.
The physicist from Oxford definitely thinks QM needs modification.
Which one is that?
 
Are you referring to his proposed interpretation of QM, or to some reason he has for wanting to modify the theory itself?
When once asked if one had to modify GR to unite it and QM, he said no, you will have to modify QM. What he meant by modify I don't know for sure.
 
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