(a×b)×c = (c·a)b - (b·c)a
Proof:
Let a = [a1,a2,a3], and let b and c be defined similarly.
a×b = [a2b3-a3b2, a3b1-a1b3, a1b2-a2b1]
(a×b)×c = [(a3b1-a1b3)c3-(a1b2-a2b1)c2, (a1b2-a2b1)c1-(a2b3-a3b2)c3, (a2b3-a3b2)c2-(a3b1-a1b3)c1]
(a×b)×c = [a3b1c3-a1b3c3-a1b2c2+a2b1c2, a1b2c1-a2b1c1-a2b3c3+a3b2c3, a2b3c2-a3b2c2-a3b1c1+a1b3c1]
This is equal to (c·a)b - (b·c)a, which you can verify using the same method as in the Lagrange formula, above.