Help with English

Yeah, just look at all of those shit-quality products that no-name companies like Apple produce there. I guess they must just not give a damn about their reputation for product quality.
I've got a Mac Mini and it is an utter piece of crap. Every day I threaten to dump it in the trash. I never thought I'd see the day when I would actually prefer my Windows box to a Macintosh. (Yeah I know those are all made in China too.)

I only buy dog food that contains NO Chinese ingredients.

I used to buy my underwear from Wintersilk. Since they moved production to China their quality has gone down the toilet. The stuff doesn't fit right and it falls apart.

Buy whatever you want but you're taking your chances.

A lot of manufacturers are "re-shoring" to Mexico. Wages are higher there than in China, but they don't have to pay to ship it across an ocean. And because of that they can use more components made in America. If you buy something labeled "Made in China" it may have 5% American parts. If it says "Made in Mexico" it has an average of 40% American parts.
 
Prime Minister David Cameron will warn that the UK is facing an "hour of reckoning," in his big speech to the Conservative Party conference.

The PM will attempt to level with the nation about the scale of the economic challenges facing it.

hour of reckoning = hour of crisis?

to level with = to lower down yourself to the level of your listener?
 
hour of reckoning = hour of crisis?
The Day of Reckoning is a religious term, equivalent to Judgment Day. In Abrahamist mythology--Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Rastafarian and (arguably) Baha'i--Judgment Day is the day when we are supposedly brought before God and required to explain all of our actions and decisions, and to fulfill all of our promises and obligations.

In colloquial usage, the "day of reckoning" has come to mean simply a day when everything we've done finally catches up with us and we have to face the consequences. In secular life this generally means paying off a debt, fulfilling a promise, or catching up with something we know we have to do but keep putting off like cleaning the gutters at the start of the rainy season.

The modern world operates at a much higher speed than the ancient world, so we now have an hour of reckoning instead of a whole day. ;)

to level with = to lower down yourself to the level of your listener?
It's "lower yourself down," not "lower down yourself." Absolutely not. The adjective "level" means flat or even, and therefore fair, as in the common expression "a level playing field": one on which all teams or competitors have the same advantages and disadvantages.

So to level with someone means to speak fairly and truthfully.

You're not leveling with me about that "business conference" you said you went to last night. My friend Olga said she saw you on the other side of town with your old girlfriend.
 
Jack Welch trashes President Barack Obama's jobs numbers, a sitting CEO threatens layoffs if Obama is re-elected and a poll of bankers and private equity execs shows little love for the Commander in Chief.

None of that is necessarily bad for the president's campaign.

Given the American public's distrust and outright disdain for Wall Street and the financial establishment, the Obama campaign may be somewhat pleased with being disparaged by some of the sector's fatter cats.


trash = To beat up; assault.

outright disdain = despise very much

fatter cats = rich people?

Back in May, Gallup discovered that fewer than one in five Americans trusted big business. In August, a poll of high school students by the University of Arizona found that 75% agreed with the following statement: "The stock market is rigged mostly to benefit greedy Wall Street bankers."


rig = To manipulate dishonestly for personal gain: rig a prizefight; rig stock prices.

That wasn't the audience former General Electric (GE -0.84%) chief Welch was addressing on Twitter last Friday when he suggested that "these Chicago guys" had manipulated jobs numbers that dropped the unemployment rate from 8.1% to 7.8% and added 873,000 jobs to the rolls -- the highest tally in nine years. It also wasn't the audience Welch was seeking on Wednesday when, after terminating his writing contract with Fortune in the wake of public criticism, he wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal bolstering his position and said that "to suggest that the input to the BLS data-collection system is precise and bias-free is -- well, let's just say, overstated."

"these Chicago guys" = why Chicago? Not W.D.C?
op-ed = adj. Of or being a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints.

If Obama can get his campaign literature into more mom-and-pop shops and boutiques and out of executive washrooms and homes fit for guillotine-bound French royalty, it may be his soundest campaign strategy yet.

I just don't understand.

yet = why use "yet" here? I seldom see yet following may in a sentence.
 
There are some who thought the report showed some unease about the economy. In its July 18 report, for example, the Fed suggested the economy was expanding modestly to moderately.

modestly vs. moderately = what's the difference?
 
moderate:
1.Being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme:
a moderate price.
2.Not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate:
a moderate climate.
3.Of medium or average quantity or extent.
4.Of limited or average quality; mediocre.
5.Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion.

modest:
1.Having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own talents, abilities, and value.
2.Having or proceeding from a disinclination to call attention to oneself; retiring or diffident.See Synonyms at shy
3.Observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior, or dress.
4.Free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious.See Synonyms at plain
5.Moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not extreme:
a modest price; a newspaper with a modest circulation.


Which definitions are the most commonly used in daily speech and writing?
If I mess up modest and moderate, will it cause misunderstanding?
 
"You can read the news of US's presidential campaign on the net".

Net can mean "internet" officially?
 
trash = To beat up; assault.
The word is not usually used for physical attacks against people. If a rock band trashed a hotel room, they have left it filthy, littered with liquor bottles and used condoms, and perhaps with some damage, requiring extra work from the staff. If an industrial spy trashed your home, he was looking for blueprints, research papers, letters, etc., that his employer could use to compete with your company; he pulled all the clothes our of your drawers, scattered your food and dishes all over the kitchen floor, and opened up your medicine bottles and got the pills all mixed up; he may have made holes in the walls looking for hidden compartments, pulled your plants out of their pots to see if anything was hidden under them, even dug up your lawn and garden. If a journalist trashed a politician's reputation, she dug up things from his past that he didn't want people to know about--like Romney's humiliation of a gay student at his school when he was young, or Obama's fraternization with a Christian minister who held racist opinions.

We also use the term "trash-talk," which is a less serious version of trashing. To trash-talk someone simply means to insult him, either to his face or to other people; the insults may not even be true.

outright disdain = despise very much
"Outright" means obvious and straightforward, not surreptitious. To say that America has outright disdain for the financial industry is to say that we do not trust its people or its institutions--not at all, and we're not bashful about saying so.

fatter cats = rich people?
A fat cat is a cat who is pampered by his owners, getting lots of extra food. Metaphorically, a fat cat is a person who is regarded as pampered by society or its leaders; specifically someone who is very wealthy and powerful, usually because of an inheritance or illicit business dealings rather than through honest hard work. The term is used most commonly for people of this type who can be counted on to contribute to a political campaign, in order to promote a candidate who will feel indebted to them, and craft laws that will help them become even wealthier and more powerful. The fatter cats are simply the fat cats who are even fatter than the regular fat cats; i.e. more wealth, privilege and influence.

"these Chicago guys" = why Chicago? Not W.D.C?
[We don't abbreviate "Washington, District of Columbia" as "W.D.C." It's "Washington DC." It took me a minute to figure out what you meant. And we leave out the "DC" as long as it's clear that we don't mean the state of Washington, whose most well-known city is Seattle.] I'm not sure why they chose Chicago because I'm not familiar with the subject of the article. They may be referring to Chicago because that's where Obama started his political career, so the guys there still help him. Or it could be a reference to Chicago's notoriety as the American center of organized crime, led by the famous gangster Al Capone in the 1920s. Obama is an outsider to Washington, without a strong network of allies here, so I wouldn't expect a journalist to write about strong support from "Washington guys." Jimmy Carter had the same problem when he was president, and it did him in. So did Ronald Reagan, but he overcame it. So did Richard Nixon, and in his attempt to overcome it, he ruined his career and his life.

op-ed = a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints.
It's simply an abbreviation of "opinions and editorials." These days, the editorials and opinions are usually mixed. The difference is that the opinions are signed as the work of a single writer, whereas the editorials are not signed, and presented as the judgments of the newspaper itself and its executives.

campaign literature -- mom-and-pop shops -- executive washrooms -- guillotine-bound French royalty I just don't understand.
Campaign literature is literature prepared by the candidate's campaign staff and distributed to the voters to attempt to convince them to vote for him or her. In many U.S. states the citizens themselves are allowed to propose new laws (or to repeal existing laws), so there are also campaigns for and against these laws, and there is campaign literature for them too.

A mom-and-pop business is a small one that is run by a family, with most or all of the workers also being family members or at least very close friends. Small family businesses are regarded with affection and nostalgia. They are contrasted with corporations, which are regarded as soulless and indifferent to the welfare of the citizenry.

An executive washroom is the private bathroom/restroom/toilet/W.C./whatever-you-call-it attached to the office of an executive. It is for his personal use only, not available to the employees, and usually has luxuries and elegant fixtures that the employee restrooms don't have, for example, a bidet or cloth towels. An executive restroom (we don't usually call them "washrooms" in the USA; they're "bathrooms" at home and "restrooms" in public places) may also be simply the communal restroom on the upper floor of an office building where all the executives have their offices. They share it with each other but not with the general employees, and it may still have luxuries and elegant fixtures.

To suggest putting campaign literature into mom-and-pop stores (we don't usually call them "shops" in America, that's British English; although we use the term in some specific cases such as a "pet shop" or a "doughnut shop") rather than into executive bathrooms is to suggest that the campaign should be directed at the common folk, not the aristocrats.

Guillotine-bound French royalty--I enjoyed that one. :) During the French Revolution many members of the ruling family were not simply thrown out of office, but executed. The guillotine had recently been invented so it was often used for this purpose. In fact the guillotine is associated with France and specifically with the revolution. To suggest that a group of wealthy aristocrats are "guillotine-bound," i.e. "bound for execution," means you think that their days of power will soon be over and they will not be simply removed from power but punished severely, if not actually executed. Again, the writer is saying that these are not the voters that the candidate needs to appeal to.

his soundest campaign strategy yet why use "yet" here? I seldom see yet following may in a sentence.
One of the many meanings of the word yet is "until now, so far, heretofore, to date, up to this moment." So the writer suggests that this may be the most sensible strategy the candidate has devised up until now. He may come up with something better tomorrow. In other words, the writer thinks that there's no point in Obama trying to appeal to the wealthy capitalists because he believes they won't vote for him under any circumstances. He seems to feel that Romney is one of the guillotine-bound aristocrats too, so they'll all vote for him.

If you go to see the new James Bond film later this year, you might walk out of the theater saying, "This is the best Bond movie yet."

I sang Celine Dion's "The Power of Love" at karaoke last week, and my friends said it was my best song yet.
 
I've got a Mac Mini and it is an utter piece of crap. Every day I threaten to dump it in the trash.

Interesting - I have no experience with Mac Mini. These are build quality issues you are having (as opposed to it being insufficiently powerful or the software being unstable)?

But regardless, Apple has about as high an overall reputation for build quality as anybody, and they manufacture everything in China.

A lot of manufacturers are "re-shoring" to Mexico. Wages are higher there than in China,

Not by much, though.
 
Drinking plain old water can be a bit of a snoozefest, especially if you're getting your recommended daily amount of at least eight large glasses a day. But if your ennui is leading you to load up on seemingly healthy bottled-water alternatives, you need to read this first.


snoozefest=?

ennui = ?
 
snoozefest=?

To "snooze" is to sleep. The suffix "-fest" refers to a party, as in "festival." Following the German term "Oktoberfest" (meaning, a party to celebrate October), a popular construction in English is to add "-fest" to the end of other words. So a "snoozefest" is an event that features lots of sleeping - typically this is a metaphor meaning something very boring. "The basic algebra class was a snoozefest."

Another similar common usage is "slugfest." In this case, "slug" refers to the act of punching someone or something, so a "slugfest" refers to an intense confrontation, although not necessarily one that is literally physical ("the boxing match was a real slugfest!" or "the presidential debate was a real slugest!")

ennui = ?

"Ennui" basically means "boredom," but with the specific connotation of listlessness or dissatisfaction. For example, the type of dissatisfaction one feels when stuck in a job that does not use one's talents, for a long time.
 
Money, can be plural? Monies? I read that!
But did you understand it? ;)

"Money" is a mass noun like love, air and patriotism. You can't count "seven airs" or "twelve moneys."

The only exception is in the financial industry. A banker, a corporate treasurer or a government official might say "moneys" to mean different categories of funds. For example, 1. Tax money that was collected from the general population to fund the schools versus 2. Fees collected from swimmers to pay for cleaning the pool versus 3. Assessments on homeowners to eliminate mosquitoes in a neighborhood near the river.

You would never use this word in personal life. You don't say, "When I came home from my vacation in Latin America I had eleven different moneys in my wallet," referring to balboas, bolívares, bolivianos, colones, córdobas, dollars, guaranís, pesos, quetzales, reais and soles. ;)

The word "money" comes via French from Latin moneta, a mint (the kind that manufactures bills and coins, not the kind you eat for dessert :)), named after Juno Moneta, one of the temples of the goddess Hera, where the Roman mint was located.

The word "specie" is a mass noun sometimes used specifically for coins, to distinguish them from all other types of money. You will probably only see it in the phrase "pay in specie," which means to repay a debt with coins rather than bills, a check, an IOU, etc. These days that might be an insult, since even a small amount of money like twenty dollars is bulky and heavy if rendered in coins. We now have one-dollar coins in the USA but collectors keep taking them out of circulation so they are seldom encountered in normal business.

The spelling "monies" arose in the 19th century as an irregular form of "moneys." Why it became prevalent is a mystery. The spelling "moneys" is still acceptable, although not preferred. Most editors would probably change it.
 
moderate:
1.Being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme:
a moderate price.
2.Not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate:
a moderate climate.
3.Of medium or average quantity or extent.
4.Of limited or average quality; mediocre.
5.Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion.

modest:
1.Having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own talents, abilities, and value.
2.Having or proceeding from a disinclination to call attention to oneself; retiring or diffident.See Synonyms at shy
3.Observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior, or dress.
4.Free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious.See Synonyms at plain
5.Moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not extreme:
a modest price; a newspaper with a modest circulation.


Which definitions are the most commonly used in daily speech and writing?
If I mess up modest and moderate, will it cause misunderstanding?

You haven't answered this. ;)
 
Weak PC sales finally caught up to Intel, dragging the chipmaking giant's sales and profits lower in the third quarter.

caught up to = ?

Back-to-school sales typically boost computer demand in the late summer, but a weakening global economy and consumers' shift to tablets cut PC demand to half its third-quarter norm, Intel said. The company's PC chip sales fell by 8% last quarter, in-line with the overall global PC market.

in-line with = need "-" ?

Intel warned investors a month ago that its third-quarter financials would sting, as demand for personal computers had slowed beyond expectations. Intel said corporations are ordering fewer PCs, consumers in emerging markets are sitting on the sidelines, and PC manufacturers are slowing output to meet sinking demand.
sting = like the sting of a bee?
 
caught up to = ?

"Caught up to" means equalled or matched. Its evokes a race where one participant is ahead, but the other runs faster and so catches up to the leader.

in-line with = need "-" ?

"In line with" means to be matched to or aligned with. For example, if you get a new job that pays better, you will probably increase your spending in line with your increased income.

sting = like the sting of a bee?

Yeah, it refers to a certain type of painful sensation that is sharp, sudden and unpleasant.
 
It is agreed that the auditor-general should investigate with a fine tooth comb all aspects of NFC (National Feedlot Corporation), especially whether, on top of the RM250 million loan, was there anymore money spent in kind by the Agriculture Ministry for the development of the feedlot, such as the road leading to the farm, the water catchment system and the Napier grass planting

fine tooth comb = ?

NFC is throwing another red herring
red herring = 1.A smoked herring having a reddish color.
2.Something that draws attention away from the central issue. Why is it this sense?
 
You haven't answered this.
Sorry. The Linguistics board has been inundated with commercial spam so the cleanup has taken a lot of my time.

moderate:
1. Being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme: a moderate price.
Yes. This meaning is in common use. The adverbial form is also widely used, perhaps more than the adjectival form: A moderately useful tool. A moderately interesting movie. A moderately disgusting display of violence.

2. Not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate: a moderate climate.
I don't see any reason to list this separately. It's virtually identical to #1.

3. Of medium or average quantity or extent.
Again, almost identical to the other two.

4. Of limited or average quality; mediocre.
Again, this is the same meaning; only the context has changed. If you want a cellphone to use in the city, one of moderate quality will be satisfactory. If you want to take it to Greenland and rely on it for emergency communication, the very same phone with the very same moderate quality would be considered mediocre. (Actually it would be considered unacceptable. :))

5. Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion.
These days, at least in the USA, this may be the sense in which the word is most often used. Especially during election season when politics dominates public discourse.

The religious sense of the word has also been common since 9/11. And even long before that. In 1979 Iran, one of our staunchest allies in the Middle East, turned against us, committed an act of war and seized our embassy in Tehran. This may have been the moment when religious fundamentalism was acknowledged as a major problem for the entire global civilization, and people began to distinguish extremists from moderates according to their religious beliefs and practices.

This example illustrates the fact that "moderate" is also used as a noun: a moderate is a person with moderate views and/or attitudes.

modest:
1. Having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own talents, abilities, and value.
2. Having or proceeding from a disinclination to call attention to oneself; retiring or diffident.See Synonyms at shy
3. Observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior, or dress.
Notice that "modest" is a description of a person's general character. A modest person would do all of these things! "Moderate" refers to a single aspect--or a narrow range--of the attributes that comprise that character. A person may be moderate in his views on women's rights, racial discrimination, conservation of the environment, and many other important issues, but he could still be an extremist on the issue of immigration reform, or justice for the Palestinians, or decriminalization of recreational drugs. A modest person would not advocate those extreme positions except perhaps within his own family home or among his closest friends.

4. Free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious.
If this refers to a person, it is similar to the previous definitions. However, it can also be applied to things, such as a modest home, one that is not as large and fancy as would be expected for an owner with a large income. Or a "modest car," a Chevrolet driven by a corporate executive who could afford a Maserati. We also say a man of modest means, meaning one who is not poor and can afford all of the things necessary for a comfortable life, but only the "modest" versions of those things. A family of modest means drives a Hyundai, lives in a small house in a working-class neighborhood, sends their children to a public school, shops at Costco, rents movies instead of going to the cinema, and takes vacations in places that are close enough to drive to and where hotels are not expensive.

5. Moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not extreme: a modest price; a newspaper with a modest circulation.
I'd be careful with this use of the word. These come perilously close to being figures of speech. If you talk about the modest fuel consumption of your car or the modest broadcast range of your cellphone, you might be the first person in your town to use the word that way.

Which definitions are the most commonly used in daily speech and writing?
I hope I've given you some help with that. It's not an easy question to answer.

If I mess up modest and moderate, will it cause misunderstanding?
Absolutely. And you mean mix up, not "mess up."
 
Well, generally that is true. But there are plenty of usages where "modest" and "moderate" are interchangeable.

Like "I received a (modest/moderate) pay raise last year."
Sure. But when you're teaching non-native speakers, you have to be cautious. It's very difficult to teach the correct use of idioms because they vary from one example to the next with no rhyme or reason.

And I don't know where you live but I don't think anyone along the Manhattan-Hollywood axis of broadcast-standard American English would say they got a moderate pay raise.

I suppose a slavishly accurate answer to Saint's question would be "no," because indeed no one would misunderstand him if he said it that way. But I'm trying to teach him to copy the vernacular of native speakers, not just to get by and be regarded affectionately as "that clever foreigner who speaks our language pretty decently."
 
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