How do you prepare for bone marrow stem cell donation?
Before you can donate your bone marrow, doctors give you injections of a medication to draw the blood stem cells out from your bone marrow and into your bloodstream. That way they can be easily filtered from your blood.
The medication, filgrastim (Neupogen), is typically given as an injection once a day for four or five days before your bone marrow stem cell donation. Doctors will monitor your blood counts to see how your body is reacting to the filgrastim. They'll also be looking to see if you have an optimal number of stem cells circulating in your blood.
How is bone marrow stem cell donation done?
During bone marrow stem cell donation, a machine collects your blood stem cells through a process called apheresis. Blood is drawn from your arm and runs through a machine that filters out the blood stem cells. Then your blood is returned to your body through your opposite arm.
Apheresis takes four to six hours. You'll typically undergo two to four apheresis sessions, depending on how many blood stem cells are needed.
What can you expect during bone marrow stem cell donation?
Removing blood stem cells from your blood during apheresis doesn't hurt. However, the medication you're given to coax the blood stem cells out of your marrow may cause bone pain — similar to the aches you might feel if you have the flu. On rare occasions the pain may be so severe that you might discontinue the injections. The bone pain goes away once you stop receiving the injections. Other common side effects are fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and tingling around the lips, mouth and fingers.
Risks of bone marrow stem cell donation
Bone marrow stem cell donation is generally safe. Side effects associated with bone marrow stem cell donation include:
* Bone pain
* Headache
* Muscle pain
* Fatigue
* Insomnia
* Nausea and flu-like symptoms
* Sweating
* Loss of appetite
* Tingling
These side effects go away once you complete the bone marrow stem cell donation. If you have small veins in your arms or you have veins with thin walls, your doctor may need to insert a catheter into larger veins in your body — including those in your groin and your neck. This occurs most commonly in small women. Placing a catheter in your larger veins rarely causes side effects, but complications can include:
* Air trapped between your lungs and your chest wall (pneumothorax)
* Bleeding
* Infection