I have used codiene after dental work (prescribed), it clears my mind, I stayed alert. It has different effect on other people. The effect does not provide any advantage except for a shorttime when I was in pain and had to work. I can not take tranqulizers prescribed or otherwise because it feels uncomfortable.
For normal healthy people, pain killers are needed for occaisional situations of accidents, surgery etc. For elders, also pain killers are needed for arthritis or similar disease pain.
For psychosomatic problems, tranquilizers are needed if their is a death in the family, times of divorce, loss of job and other extreme stress unless someone comes up with a cortisol inhibitor.
For unhealthy people and those who have chemical imbalance in the brain, certain drugs are needed to balance that. There is a lot of people who have this problem and do not know it. The GP will not know unless a complete blodd work is done going to an endocrine specialist which are rare and always booked.
Our life is a cause and effect. In US society, the major contibutors are bad nutrition (people living on fast foods), family relations, job relations (900,000 laid off in last 7 months). They interact with each other to create a complex web of physical, pshycological problems caused by severe stress to body and mind. On top of that, our medical system is great in surgery but does not understand these interrelationships. It is still a taboo to go to a shrink and they rarely help resolve the above problems.
If you can fix that, very few people will need drugs to self medicate themselves hoping the stress will go away.
Congress knows the cause, but they would rather make laws than try to restructure our society to reduce our stress level.