As far as we know, photons are massless. As Pinball said previously, experiments are consistent with photons having zero mass or a very tiny mass. There is an upper limit on how much mass a photon could possibly have, determined experimentally.
As has previously been pointed out, photons are bosons. They are spin 1 particles, unlike electrons, neutrons and protons, which are all spin 1/2 particles.
Bosons can happily exist in the same state at the same time, which includes being in the same place as the same time.
Photons carry no electrical charge, so they do not attract or repel each other electrically or magnetically. They do not feel the strong force or the weak force. Therefore, they can be in the same place at the same time and they don't interact when they are in the same place at the same time. Therefore, they can pass through one another.
They are created when electrically charged particles accelerate.
They have a constant charge: constantly zero charge.