Safety of thorium
Since thorium is radioactive and produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products, there are concerns about the safety of thorium mantles. Some nuclear safety agencies make recommendations about their use [1]. A study in 1981 estimated that the dose from using a thorium mantle every weekend for a year would be 0.3-0.6 millirems, tiny in comparison to the normal annual dose of a few hundred millirems, although a person ingesting an entire mantle would receive a comparable dose of 200 mrem (2 mSv; [2], [3]). However, the radioactivity is a major concern for those people involved with the manufacture of mantles and with contamination of soil around some former factory sites [4]. All of these issues have meant that alternatives, usually yttrium or sometimes zirconium, are used in some countries although they are either more expensive or less efficient.
One potential cause for concern is that particles from thorium gas mantles "fall out" over time and get into the air, where they may be ingested in food or drink. These particles can also be inhaled and remain in the lungs or liver. Also of concern is the release of thorium bearing dust if the mantle shatters due to mechanical impact.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mantle