Most of European and US interaction with Africa, South and Central American has been very destructive to the native population. In the Bolivia, Peru and some others the daily caloric intake pre-Spanish conquest (under the Incas and Aztecs) was higher than it was afterwards, at least until circa 1960.
During his presidential election campaign Evo Morales publicly chewed coco leaves to show he was still a man of the people (all the native chew them to relive hunger pains) Currently many natives in Peru are rioting and some dying as the government wants to take oil and gas from their reservations.
About three hundred years ago there was a large mountain, in Peru as I recall, of very high grade copper ore. The simple framers and hunter natives were forced at gun point to build road thru the jungle to the mountain and then to live in the barracks the company built, eat in the company kitchen, work from sun rise to sun set for their food etc.
It took about 80 years to remove the mountain with horse drawn loads of ore to the ships waiting in the port. - That was at least three generations of slave miners, but eventually the ore was not worth the cost of taking it, so the company closed the kitchen and went away. The grandchildren and great grand children of the original self sustaining natives did not know how to hunt or farm so they starved to death. Eventually the jungle reclaimed the dirt road.
That may be an extreme case, but illustrates the typical pre-1900s interaction of the "civilized peoples" with the natives of South, & Central America and with Africans. -Destroy their culture, take their richest resources and make slaves of them.
During the peak of the cold war era, the US installed and supported dictators in almost all South American countries as they were tending to be "left leaning" in their voting. Chile's Allende was openly a communist when elected as president. The CIA supplied the local right wingers with the means to kill him in the presidential palace on 9/11 and them the helicopters that were used to drop students and other liberals into the sea a few miles off the coast. 50,000 were "disappeared." Still on Sundays a few old ladies, dressed in black, stand silently in the main plaza in silent memory and protest for their disappeared sons and daughters*. The mother of the current president of Chile was subjected to drugs and electric shock torture and her father died under torture by the US supported dictatorship. Given this history she is remarkable calm towards the USA.
I am sure that wiki has entries under "Allende" (Or Chile's history)** and "operation condor" (US coordinated the cooperation between the dictators of different countries) which returned the liberals wanting to restore democracy to the countries they had fled so they could be among the 50,000 killed. IMHO the US loss of less than 3000 on 9/11 had that date selected as every educated person in South American knows what the US did on 9/11/73 to actively destroy an elected democracy it did not like and put General Augusto Pinochet in control for decades.
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*Many were of course repeately raped in prison. Their babies, if healty were taken and given to chldless couples well connect to the dictatorship. In recent years, via DNA testing, a several dozen middle aged adults have learned who their true families were.
**"...In September 1970, President Nixon informed the CIA that an Allende regime in Chile would not be acceptable and authorized $10 million to stop Allende from coming to power or unseat him[26]. The CIA's plans to impede Allende's investiture as President of Chile were known as "Track I" and "Track II"; Track I sought to prevent Allende from assuming power via so-called "parliamentary trickery", while under the Track II initiative, the CIA tried to convince key Chilean military officers to carry out a coup. ..."
From:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende
SUMMARY: Ever since the Monroe doctrine, the US was in charge of the rape of South America, the suppression of its economic progress, and the control of its governments to serve US business interests (Read about United Fruit Company also). Fortunately this all changed with the Vietnam War as US was too focused on that problem to continue support of the dictators with old military equipment, water cannons and tear gas for crowd control, etc.