Quantumograph: A testable quantum graph theory of spacetime

Sergej Materov

Registered Member
We’re pleased to share the revised preprint of our work on a discrete quantum-graph theory of spacetime (the Quantumograph). The Quantumograph is a discrete quantum graph model in which continuum field theories — including general relativity and gauge theories — emerge as effective descriptions at long wavelengths. Importantly, the discrete graph model is presented as the fundamental ontology; continuum theories arise only as approximations in a controlled scaling regime. Initial emulations and numerical checks (see our GitHub repository) qualitatively support the construction; true empirical confirmation will require implementation of the measurement protocol described in the paper, which is feasible on current QPU platforms under the conditions we specify. Key testable elements include predictions for qubit platforms (QPU and annealers), microwave/dielectric signatures, two-boundary (retrocausal) tests of causality, CHSH/Bell observables, and relations tying emergent constants to cosmological scales.

Comparison with Existing Quantum‐Gravity Frameworks.
Whereas competing theories require speculative extrapolations to 10¹⁹ GeV, our model operates at 10⁻⁴ eV—directly probing quantum spacetime via cryogenic quantum processors. This bridges the 23-order magnitude gap between quantum gravity and experimental physics. While Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) and causal set theory both aim to quantize spacetime by introducing discrete structures at the Planck scale, they remain largely divorced from direct experimental probes. LQG postulates a spin‐network basis whose continuum limit is difficult to access spectroscopically, and causal sets predict nonlocal correlations whose characteristic length scales (of order the Planck length) lie far beyond current measurement precision. String theory and its AdS/CFT realizations offer a rich mathematical framework—complete with holographic dualities and higher‑dimensional embeddings—but likewise lack concrete, low‑energy signatures accessible to laboratory tests. Causal dynamical triangulations capture emergent four‑dimensional geometry through Monte Carlo sums over simplicial complexes, yet their numerical results hinge on ultraviolet cutoffs that are hard to relate to physical observables. Asymptotic safety scenarios and group field theories present promising renormalization‑group flows and combinatorial constructions, respectively, but still depend on unmeasured couplings or large‑N limits. In contrast, our graph‑theoretic approach defines coupling strengths Jij
and effective degrees z directly in terms of spectroscopically measurable energy scales on existing quantum hardware. This shift—from unobservable Planck‑scale constructs to experimentally tunable parameters—renders our theory’s predictions immediately falsifiable by tabletop spectroscopy and quantum‑processor benchmarks, an avenue neither LQG nor causal‑set models (nor string, CDT, asymptotic‑safety, or group‑field frameworks) presently afford.

Link to Academia.edu
 
We’re pleased to share the revised preprint of our work on a discrete quantum-graph theory of spacetime (the Quantumograph). The Quantumograph is a discrete quantum graph model in which continuum field theories — including general relativity and gauge theories — emerge as effective descriptions at long wavelengths. Importantly, the discrete graph model is presented as the fundamental ontology; continuum theories arise only as approximations in a controlled scaling regime. Initial emulations and numerical checks (see our GitHub repository) qualitatively support the construction; true empirical confirmation will require implementation of the measurement protocol described in the paper, which is feasible on current QPU platforms under the conditions we specify. Key testable elements include predictions for qubit platforms (QPU and annealers), microwave/dielectric signatures, two-boundary (retrocausal) tests of causality, CHSH/Bell observables, and relations tying emergent constants to cosmological scales.

Comparison with Existing Quantum‐Gravity Frameworks.
Whereas competing theories require speculative extrapolations to 10¹⁹ GeV, our model operates at 10⁻⁴ eV—directly probing quantum spacetime via cryogenic quantum processors. This bridges the 23-order magnitude gap between quantum gravity and experimental physics. While Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) and causal set theory both aim to quantize spacetime by introducing discrete structures at the Planck scale, they remain largely divorced from direct experimental probes. LQG postulates a spin‐network basis whose continuum limit is difficult to access spectroscopically, and causal sets predict nonlocal correlations whose characteristic length scales (of order the Planck length) lie far beyond current measurement precision. String theory and its AdS/CFT realizations offer a rich mathematical framework—complete with holographic dualities and higher‑dimensional embeddings—but likewise lack concrete, low‑energy signatures accessible to laboratory tests. Causal dynamical triangulations capture emergent four‑dimensional geometry through Monte Carlo sums over simplicial complexes, yet their numerical results hinge on ultraviolet cutoffs that are hard to relate to physical observables. Asymptotic safety scenarios and group field theories present promising renormalization‑group flows and combinatorial constructions, respectively, but still depend on unmeasured couplings or large‑N limits. In contrast, our graph‑theoretic approach defines coupling strengths Jij
and effective degrees z directly in terms of spectroscopically measurable energy scales on existing quantum hardware. This shift—from unobservable Planck‑scale constructs to experimentally tunable parameters—renders our theory’s predictions immediately falsifiable by tabletop spectroscopy and quantum‑processor benchmarks, an avenue neither LQG nor causal‑set models (nor string, CDT, asymptotic‑safety, or group‑field frameworks) presently afford.

Link to Academia.edu
GPTZero test required, I feel.

DaveC426913 ?
 
SergejMaterov:

Is your work published in a peer-reviewed journal? If not, have you submitted it for publication? What response, if any, did you receive?
 
For sure, AI helped a bunch with the translation and editing. I didn't try to make it sound more human later because I was really going for clear and consistent writing. That's pretty normal for a lot of researchers these days. This is the world we live in now.

>General Relativity at long wavelengths? What does that look like?
When I said “long wavelengths,” I meant it as large spatial scales. The wording was a bit off because of automatic (ai-)translation, so tnx for the catch.

>Is your work published in a peer-reviewed journal? If not, have you submitted it for publication? What response, if any, did you receive?
This paper is almost done (not the first draft), and I'm sharing it so we can chat about the science. I'm looking to make the ideas and how to test them better before I send it to a journal. Like lots of people do now, I use computers and AI to help with editing and technical stuff but the ideas, what I think is true, and what it all means are all mine. I see open discussions as a good thing to do with normal peer review, especially when the work is still being developed. Feedback, ideas and collaboration always welcome.

>Разве ИИ не использует тексты, написанные человеками?
Абсолютно верно. Кроме того, так как мы сейчас живем в практически "новом мире", было бы глупо всю рутину не поручать ИИ и тратить на нее свое драгоценное человеческое время.
 
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For sure, AI helped a bunch with the translation and editing. I didn't try to make it sound more human later because I was really going for clear and consistent writing. That's pretty normal for a lot of researchers these days. This is the world we live in now.

>General Relativity at long wavelengths? What does that look like?
When I said “long wavelengths,” I meant it as large spatial scales. The wording was a bit off because of automatic (ai-)translation, so tnx for the catch.

>Is your work published in a peer-reviewed journal? If not, have you submitted it for publication? What response, if any, did you receive?
This paper is almost done (not the first draft), and I'm sharing it so we can chat about the science. I'm looking to make the ideas and how to test them better before I send it to a journal. Like lots of people do now, I use computers and AI to help with editing and technical stuff but the ideas, what I think is true, and what it all means are all mine. I see open discussions as a good thing to do with normal peer review, especially when the work is still being developed. Feedback, ideas and collaboration always welcome.

>Разве ИИ не использует тексты, написанные человеками?
Абсолютно верно. Кроме того, так как мы сейчас живем в практически "новом мире", было бы глупо всю рутину не поручать ИИ и тратить на нее свое драгоценное человеческое время.
OK, that's much easier to understand. When you write in your words you are evidently able to communicate in clear language.

I wonder if you can describe for us the essence of your idea in your own words. Also, can you describe some form of observational test that your idea predicts we should, at least in principle, be able to make, to see if it works out in practice?
 
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Conception: The theory describes spacetime as a finite directed quantum graph, where the vertices are Planck scale cells and the edges are causal relationships. Gravity is emergent.
Appendix A has the main experimental checklist I'd use if I could get my hands on QPU hardware.
I'm more of a theorist, not a hardware guy, so I'd appreciate it if someone with practical skills could give these a shot and tell me what they find. The theory is falsifiable according to Popper; here are a number of predictions that follow from it: Link to researchgate
 
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Conception: The theory describes spacetime as a finite directed quantum graph, where the vertices are Planck scale cells and the edges are causal relationships. Gravity is emergent.
Appendix A has the main experimental checklist I'd use if I could get my hands on QPU hardware.
I'm more of a theorist, not a hardware guy, so I'd appreciate it if someone with practical skills could give these a shot and tell me what they find. The theory is falsifiable according to Popper; here are a number of predictions that follow from it: Link to researchgate
Post them here please. It's a forum rule that readers should not have to go off site and click links.
 
Yes, of course, I won't post all 63 pages with cross-references and repository links here. Therefore, I can suggest simply sending a request to Google, for example, if you are interested in the theory's predictions, then: "predictions quantum graph: a testable quantum graph theory of spacetime", and he will give out everything laid out point by point.
I believe that confirmation of any two predictions with a reliable degree of statistical significance would be the strongest evidence of the discreteness of space-time.
The following predictions of the theory can already be tested with existing technologies:
1. Temperature Error Scan (QPU Error Scan): Measuring the error rate (via Randomized Benchmarking) as the processor temperature changes.
2. Testing the "decay" of spacetime into individual qubits: Correlation Decay
3. Retrocasual test (Two-Boundary Test): Testing the impact of future measurement choices on past results.
4. Noise Spectroscopy: Direct measurement of the microscopic noise Hamiltonian
5. Microwave anomalies: Outside of quantum processors, the theory can be tested on quantum paraelectrics.
 
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In almost all predictions, the critical temperature of the phase transition/quantum coherence threshold of space-time plays an important role:
$$T_c=Jz/k_B$$
where
J - average interaction energy (binding energy) between graph nodes (in the context of QPU, this is the energy of two-qubit noise or coupling).
z - average connectivity (degree of vertices) of the space-time graph.
$$k_B$$ - Boltzmann constant
Example:
for QPU IBM: $$T_c ≈ 12mK $$
QPU Google $$T_c ≈ 48mK $$
This is already possible: the working temperature of cryostats today is about 15–20 mK.
 
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In almost all predictions, the critical temperature of the phase transition/quantum coherence threshold of space-time plays an important role:
$$T_c=Jz/k_B$$
where
J - average interaction energy (binding energy) between graph nodes (in the context of QPU, this is the energy of two-qubit noise or coupling).
z - average connectivity (degree of vertices) of the space-time graph.
$$k_B$$ - Boltzmann constant
Example:
for QPU IBM: $$T_c ≈ 12mK $$
QPU Google $$T_c ≈ 48mK $$
This is already possible: the working temperature of cryostats today is about 15–20 mK.
You are not defining any of the terms explicitly.
 
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