I found it interesting that it was mentioned from the discovery of the equations guiding those principles of refraction implied that light somehow knew the future somehow to determine the fastest route to arrive at a location in the 1700’s, long before relativity was ever discovered.
It is a common side note made textbook. It does resonate with the ongoing theme of some type of action at a distance taking place found in quantum mechanics. By taking the integral of all of the possible paths, the photon takes the path of least action to always make it arrive in the shortest amount of time.
This value is said to be equal to zero in all branches in physics. I believe it really raises the question if it is actually equal to zero or if it can change to some other value. Then we have everything equaling a constant. My hypothesis is that it only appears to equal zero, because their is no presence of closed time like loops that exist in the system, but it could take on some other value if they did indeed exist.