I thought this discussion was over.
The problem is that you don't understand why Romer got the results he did. You're also apparently not reading any of the responses you receive. Instead, you just keep repeating from the same script, without learning anything new.
Romer, based on Io’s orbital period (approximately 1.769 days), observed that eclipses occurred 11 minutes earlier when Earth was closer to Jupiter and 11 minutes later when Earth was farther away.
Yes. Light takes longer than average to travel from Jupiter to Earth when the Earth is at its farthest distance away from Jupiter. And light takes a shorter than average time when Earth is at its closest distance from Jupiter.
The speed of light is not infinite. This is consistent with Romer's observations. In fact, Romer used his observations to estimate the speed of light.
Using this time difference, he calculated that light takes 22 minutes to cross the diameter of Earth’s orbit around the Sun (approximately 186 million miles). From this, he estimated the speed of light to be around 220,000 kilometers per second.
Correct.
He estimated the speed as the distance across Earth's orbit divided by the time he measured light to take as it crosses that distance.
Ole Rømer conducted an experiment and recorded it; now let’s examine what possible factors could be involved.
The factors involved have already been explained to you by several people here.
When Earth is closer to Jupiter, Io appears at a certain time, but when Earth is farther from Jupiter, Io is observed 11 minutes later.
11 minutes
later than average.
The average time it takes light to travel from Jupiter to Earth is 43 minutes. See the diagram in post #91, above.
Let’s consider this only when Earth is farther from Jupiter.
In that case, then, the
total light travel time from Jupiter to Earth is 43+11=54 minutes.
First Possibility:
.... We observe [Io to enter and emerge from Jupiter's shadow] 11 minutes later than the expected time.
11 minutes later than the
average time. 11 minutes later than the 43 minute average time it takes for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth.
Since the light from Jupiter is already arriving late, why does it need to be delayed by an additional 11 minutes?
On
average, the light arrives after 43 minutes. When the Earth is further away than average, the light takes 11 minutes longer, to travel the extra distance.
This implies it arrives even later than the delay. Based on this, it seems Ole Rømer must have lied about his experiment.
That is incorrect. You simply don't understand the experiment.
Second Possibility:
Ole Rømer says he saw Io 11 minutes later.
11 minutes later
than average.
Perhaps when Earth is farther away, Io remains hidden behind Jupiter for an extra 11 minutes before. If that were the case, the delay would keep increasing by 11 minutes with each orbit. However, since it is stated (approximately 1.769 days), this possibility seems unlikely.
The orbital period of Io (the time it takes for the moon to complete one orbit of Jupiter) is a regular 1.769 days. Romer used the observed orbital period to predict the time that Io should enter and emerge from Jupiter's shadow.
Your suggestion that the orbital period of Io might vary, for some unknown reason, in a regular way, is inconsistent with what we know about gravity and the orbits of planetary satellites.
Third Possibility:
We are observing Io and Jupiter in real-time before Io disappears.
That would require the speed of light to be infinite. But it isn't. Romer showed that it isn't, using the experiment you introduced into this discussion.
What is it that you don't understand?
Even after Io disappears, we see Jupiter without Io.
We can't see through Jupiter. It is not transparent. When Io is behind the planet, from our point of view, we can't see it. And when it emerges from behind the planet, the earliest we can see it on Earth is 43-11=32 minutes later. That's because the speed of light is finite and Jupiter is 32 light minutes away from Earth.
When Io reappears, we still see Jupiter.
That's because nothing is blocking our view of Jupiter. But we still see Jupiter as it was 43 minutes ago (or 32 minutes ago, as the case may be), not as it is
now. That's because it takes time for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth, because the speed of light is not infinite.
Is this idea getting through to you, yet?
However, Io’s light does not arrive, yet Io continues its journey without stopping.
Io's light arrives 43 minutes later (plus or minus 11 minutes) after the light has had time to travel from Io to Earth.
But when the light does arrive, we see Io where it is at that moment. This is my claim.
You are wrong. We cannot see Io instantaneously from Earth, because the speed of light is not infinite.
This claim suggests that Ole Rømer’s observation refers to real-time events.
Yes, and the claim is wrong.
Clearly, you don't understand Romer's observations.
If there are any other possible explanations, please provide them.
Please read the thread. This isn't difficult.
