Question
HPV infection: A cause of cancer in men?
I'm aware of the connection between sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Does HPV infection increase cancer risk in men, too?
Answer
from James M. Steckelberg, M.D.
The short answer is yes, but the specific risks are different for men. Most of the time, HPV infection doesn't cause any signs or symptoms in either sex, although some types of HPV cause genital warts. Typically, the immune system eliminates the virus without treatment within about two years. Until the virus is gone, you can spread it to your sex partners.
But certain types of HPV, known as high-risk types, may cause persistent infection, which can gradually turn into cancer. With the exception of cervical cancer, HPV-related cancers are uncommon. These rare malignancies include cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx — the back of the mouth and upper part of the throat. They usually develop in conjunction with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS.
HIV-positive gay and bisexual men are at particular risk of anal, penile and throat cancers associated with persistent HPV infection. This risk has actually increased in recent years, despite treatment advances credited with reducing the incidence of other HIV-associated cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma. The same advances have also added years to the lives of many people with AIDS.
After such improvements, why are people with AIDS more likely to develop HPV-related cancers now? One possible reason is that longer survival with AIDS gives persistent HPV infection time to turn into cancer.
Men can avoid the types of HPV that cause most genital warts by receiving Gardasil, which was originally approved as a cervical cancer vaccine for girls and young women. After additional studies, the Food and Drug Administration later approved Gardasil for males ages 9 to 26, specifically for the prevention of genital warts. More studies are needed to determine whether Gardasil can prevent HPV-associated anal, throat and penile cancers.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/HPV/AN01309