Assuming, of course, the use of plastics. If they didn't use oil they couldn't have made plastics. When was oil put to the soil, anyway?
If Atlantis was a self-sustaining city with little contact outside (like Eldorado), and then got fragged, the necessary tools might not have survived. A car isn't much use without fuel (an example), and being no use would have then been scrapped for spearheads or fishnetweights or whatever you did need. Without a working infrastructure know-how is useless. Thinkers just didn't pay themselves in if you needed food, now! I am assuming total chaos, of course. Something like the ice age occuring at the same time. The struggle for survival might have dampened the need of technology, and lots of stuff would have been retooled just to survive.
Suppose the ancient thinkers saw the decline of technology, as people had literally their hands full with survival. There would be almost no time to teach younger kids, and within a dozen generations science would fall into superstitions. Seeing this the atlantians decided to write stuff down. They lacked paper, so they scrawled on walls on caves. And lacking paints, they didn't have the luxury of writing 120 pages long scientific notations. Also, paper would have crumbled. Or been used as firestarters.
They also noticed that it would take a long time before anyone had the time to think about things, and in that time the language would change beyond recognizion. So instead they drew stuff, like some notations of species and ecosystem or such things they doubted would survive.
Few thousand years later things got better, but almost nothing remained, as it had been salvaged by the now-savages. But each tribe carried some of that wealth, in legends and in myths. The island theory would fit better with frantic escapes by boats. Civilization would spread around the globe, certainly explaining how the same legends got around everywhere (The chinese and vikings share a same story of fruits of immortality found on islands).
(yeah, it's more fiction than even a theory but...)