The US was on the gold standard up until 1930 or so. That is similar but not identical;since currency was tied to gold, currency could only expand as the supply of gold expanded. It worked.
It worked - right up to 10/24/1929 - but the economy kept on expanding up till that moment.
Correct. But it doesn't grow the money supply - so no inflation.
So what? It's still growth: using up resources to return more than was invested.
Nope. Profit is indeed required - but growth is not.
Profit is
the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something
which means making the value
bigger.
People die and return their money to circulation, for example.
No they don't. They leave it to their children in the form of real estate, stocks and assets that will accrue even more money. But even if money is in circulation, the economy keeps on growing, while resources keep on diminishing.
Right. And that waste can then be reused with the addition of energy. Farming is a simple example.
How does a farm use plastic skimmed off the ocean? In fact, farms also produce copious amounts of methane and toxic runoff.
In theory, it would have been possible to recycle the products of mass manufacturing, had a serious plan been devised early in the industrial age. Now, there is simply too much garbage: only a small fraction is converted into anything useful - and that, yes, with a considerable addition of energy --- which is also a finite commodity.
Ah. But trees get converted to wood,
And burned to make more CO2, or carted off to smoky sawmills to make building material for vast tracts of suburban houses, for which forests and wetlands had been destroyed, the construction and occupancy of which will produce even more greenhouse gas, but the plants that could have absorbed it are gone.
Only as long as they're alive
- and all that eventually decomposes into dirt
The lumber, yes; not the concrete foundations, windows and plastic insulation.
. Sunlight then converts dirt back into trees. In the long term, of course - but we are taking the long view for this exercise.
A million years after we're gone, the planet may revive. Sure. Take the god's eye view.