veal. and so many cows are now artificially inseminated, I'm not sure a cow would know how to get pregnant by a bull. Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!
An inch of snow is not equivalent to an inch of rain. It's the mass of water that counts. At its densest, an inch of snow is equal to about a third of an inch of rain. At its driest and fluffiest, it could be equal to a hundredth of an inch. People who raise dairy cattle keep only one bull. That's all they need for every cow to become pregnant every year. Having multiple studs during breeding season is a headache because they will fight.
You still have to count male calves, bred and born and rendered at least even if you just kill them out of the womb. So the efficiencies of dairying and the efficiencies of beef raising are related, one to the other. Just as the efficiencies of egg production include whatever is involved with the male hatchlings.
Well, a snowflake is a structure comprised of hexagonal ice crystals, so technically snow is ice. To be precise it's Ice-one-h ("Ice I" with the subscript "h," I'm not going to look up the procedure for typing that on this site right now), one of the fifteen phases of ice. Ice-one-h is the familiar phase that occurs naturally. Other phases have different crystalline structures, such as cubic, and cannot occur under anything close to normal climatic conditions. The density of Ice-one-h is 91% of the density liquid water. The reason that a snow pack is so much lighter than that is that the rather sturdy crystal structure of the snowflakes allows a lot of air to be trapped among them. Snow falling in a climate that is really dry (and probably has other conditions that my limited expertise on the subject is ignorant of) will deposit its crystals very loosely, so that a snow pack formed under those conditions is about 99% air. Under less perfect conditions, drops of water are trapped between the snowflakes, creating a very moist snow pack that is as much as 2/3 as dense as water. Ice-one-c is the only other form that can exist naturally in the biosphere, in the upper atmosphere. Other forms of ice (Ice-II through Ice-XV) can only be created in a laboratory at extremely low temperatures and high pressures. Most of them are denser than liquid water.