Very interesting article! (And also a very interesting web site, I will book mark it and go back and take another look. It seems like most engineering is driven by economics these days. I am involved in the design of a consumer product (I better not say what kind -I need my job!) and I would estimate that about 90% of our resources goes into "cost reduction" rather than "product improvement". The real problem is, when you remove cost from an item you almost always loose some quality. If the current trend continues, American industry will be know the world over for "junk" it produces. ------------------ Sorry to go off-topic... Just had to get that off my chest! [This message has been edited by Lenny (edited August 02, 2000).]