Abstract: Dark energy has been decreasing continually so that galaxies have been shrinking continually. 24 billion years later, universe will stop expanding, and every galaxy will shrink into a black hole of singular point. 1. Concept of whirlpool field Universal motion is driven by dark energy. Dark energy always produces a kind of whirlpool motion. So, a whirlpool field can be always formed in the range of its rotation. We call it the whirlpool field of dark energy, or call it whirlpool field for short. The whirlpool field containing a large number of matter is called as physical whirlpool field. The whirlpool field without matter is called as empty whirlpool field. According to the order from bigger to smaller, physical whirlpool field is divided into four classes as follows: S1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a cluster of galaxies. A1 whirlpool field: it represents a galaxy's whirlpool field. B1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a star cluster. C1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a fixed star's system, for example, the solar system. . Empty whirlpool field is respectively shown by S2, A2, B2 and C2. S2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a cluster of galaxies. A2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a galaxy. B2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a star cluster. C2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a fixed star's system, for example, the solar system. Physical whirlpool field and empty whirlpool field are relative on concept. There are a lot of B2 and C2 whirlpool fields in A1 whirlpool field. There are a lot of C2 whirlpool fields round the solar system. 2. Types of black hole According to structure, black hole is divided into two types as follows: One is the black hole of dark energy. Another is physical black hole. The black hole of dark energy is made up of high-speed rotating and huge dark energy, and there is no huge mass in it. Huge dark energy rotates continually at light-velocity, and it can produce huge negative pressure which can easily lick up all of objects so that it can form black hole. The black hole of dark energy is the base of formation of a galaxy, and is also the base of formation of a cluster of galaxies and a star cluster. Physical black hole has huge mass, and is dead symbol of a galaxy. The volume of black hole of dark energy is huge, and it may be bigger than the solar system. But the volume of physical black hole is very small, and it may become a singular point. When a galaxy shrinks into a singular point, the physical black hole located the singular point is called as black hole of singular point. 3. Birth of physical black hole There is a black hole of dark energy in the center of a galaxy. Its size is less than 0.1% of its galaxy's size. We call it A area. The radius of A area is shown by R0. The distance between a specific point and the center of a galaxy is shown by R. After A area, it is a area which dark energy gradually changes, and we call it B area. In B area, the distribution of dark energy gradually decreases along with the increase of distance R, and the speed of fixed stars also gradually decreases because their motion is driven by dark energy. According to the structure of Milky Way galaxy, the size of B area is about 30% of its galaxy's size. After B area, it is a area which dark energy distributes equably, and we call it C area. In C area, because the distribution of dark energy is even, the speed of fixed stars is the same basically. According to the structure of Milky Way galaxy, the size of C area is about 70% of its galaxy's size. Clearly, the speed of fixed stars in B area is more than that in C area. In the process of dark energy weakening, a galaxy's whirlpool field produces to shrink. B area and C area also shrink in the same time. But A area is invariable basically. When B area shrinks, the fixed stars near the edge of A area will be drawn into its inner by the negative pressure in A area one by one. Because the negative pressure is very huge, all of stars entering A area will tear up and become fly ash, which will rotate with A area. The fly ash of fixed stars will largely expend the dark energy of A area. As a result, it will cause the rotation speed of A area to decrease. The more the amount of fixed stars entering A area is, the slower the rotation speed is. When the mass of fly ash in A area is big enough, the rotation of dark energy in A area will produce overload. As a result, matter in A area will go near and gather to its rotation center in order to decrease the rotation load of dark energy. The matter gathering in the rotation center is more and more, and finally produce a new star. Thence, the black hole of dark energy will disappear. Dark energy will continually decrease, and the mass of the new star will be bigger and bigger. When the new star increase gradually, it won't produce explosion. About the reason of a fixed star exploding, please see Formation of neutron star. When the mass of the new star is too big, it will produce collapsing. First it will collapse into a white dwarf. Next it will collapse into a neutron star. Along with continuous increase of the mass, finally it will collapse into a singular point and become a physical black hole. Dark energy will continue decreasing, and the galaxy will continue shrinking, and the mass of physical black hole will be bigger and bigger. The bigger the mass of physical black hole is, the bigger the gravitation is, the faster the speed of the galaxy shrinking is. Finally, the galaxy will be completely swallowed by the physical black hole and become a black hole of singular point. So, the process that the black hole of dark energy changes into black hole of singular point is the dead process of a galaxy. Contrarily, the process that the black hole of singular point changes into the black hole of dark energy is the natal process of a galaxy. 4. Reason of universal expansion By all sorts of observation and calculation, scientists make sure that dark energy occupies dominant position in universe. It about accounts for 73%, and dark matter about accounts for 23%, and familiar matter only accounts for 4%. So, in present universe, we may think that the total kinetic energy Epk of matter motion is about equal to 73% of dark energy Enk, namely Epk≈73%Enk. Universal motion is driven by dark energy. When Enk=Epk, the universe is just in a balance state. But in present universe, Enk is much bigger than Epk. So, the universe will expand continually. When dark energy decreases 73%, Enk will be equal to Epk. Thence, the universe will stop expanding. At present, universal expansion is mainly produced by the expansion of S2 and A2 whirlpool fields. The expansion is produced by the rotation of dark energy. Because there is no matter like fixed stars in S2 and A2 whirlpool fields, the whirlpool fields have no load in their rotation. Under the action of the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of dark energy, they will expand. To want to stop universal expansion, it's necessary to stop the expansion of S2 and A2 whirlpool fields. But in universe, there is only black hole of singular point to be able to stop them. So, the second condition that the universe no longer expands is: Every galaxy's whirlpool field need to shrink into black hole of singular point. Black hole of singular point can lick up empty whirlpool fields around it when it moves round universal center so that it can stop universal expansion. So, all of galaxies will be dead while the universe stops expanding. 5. Time of universal death Dark energy is decreasing in scale 5.3% per one billion years. The detail please see Decay of Dark Energy. Suppose the dark energy of universe at present is En0. 1 billion years later, universal dark energy is En1. 2 billion years later, universal dark energy is En2. So as to analogize, 24 billion years later, universal dark energy is En24. Well then, we have following equations: En1=(1-5.3%)*En0 En2=(1-5.3%)*En1=(1-5.3%)2*En0 En3=(1-5.3%)*En2=(1-5.3%)3*En0 ………… En24=(1-5.3%)24*En0=27.06%*En0 △En=En0-En24≈73%En0 24 billion years (=2.4*1010 years ) later, universal dark energy will decrease 73% than present dark energy. According to the content of Section 4, thence, universe will stop expanding, and all of galaxies will be dead and become black hole of singular point.
How do you know that dark energy has been decreasing? If dark energy is the Cosmological constant, then its total energy density must remain constant What's the mechanism for that? The leading candidate for dark energy is the Cosmological constant, and it doesn't produce any kind of whirlpool motion, to my knowledge
This is fresh news: http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=00023144-9B65-1383-9A5083414B7FFE87 "Now new observations from an international team of astronomers seem to show that dark energy is like the cosmological constant, unvarying throughout space and time. By measuring the distances to 71 far-off supernovae, the scientists were able to ascertain with a high degree of confidence that the effect dark energy exerts on supernovae light does not vary with distance" It seems to discard another alternatives, e.g. quintessence or phantom energy
