Universal Death

Discussion in 'Astronomy, Exobiology, & Cosmology' started by 5376052, Nov 6, 2005.

  1. 5376052 Registered Member

    Messages:
    2
    Abstract:
    Dark energy has been decreasing continually so that galaxies have been shrinking continually. 24 billion years later, universe will stop expanding, and all of galaxies will shrink into over 100 billion black holes of singular point. 24.1 billion years later, universe will shrink into a black hole of singular point.

    1. Universal structure

    Now we have known that there are over 100 billion galaxies in universe. Milky Way galaxy is a huge group of fixed stars, which has about 1011 fixed stars. The mass of Milky Way galaxy is about 1011M⊙(the mass unit of the sun). Its diameter is about 30kpc (kiloparsec, 1 pc=3.26 light-years=3.09*1013 km, 1kpc=1000pc). Galaxies have different size. The mass of a small galaxy may get to 106M⊙. The typical size of galaxy is some dozens of kiloparsec. If we count according to the galaxies which apparent magnitude is less than the 23rd magnitude, the sum of galaxies is over 109.

    The space distribution of galaxies isn't ruleless. It may also become a group. The group made up of over 1000 galaxies is called as huge cluster of galaxies. About 10% galaxies only belong to the group. Most of galaxies only combine into a small group, which only contains a dozen of galaxies until 100 galaxies.

    Today, we call the universal structure over 10Mpc as largescale structure of universe. The universal size we can observe at present is 104Mpc. Until now, the observation on large scale isn't still clear. Some evidence indicates that the distribution of galaxies on large scale presents a kind of foamy state. Namely, there are a lot of "inanition" we can't observe any galaxy. Galaxies just gather on the wall of the inanition and present flaky or fibriform structure.

    If we regard a galaxy as the basic unit of universal matter, then the distribution of galaxies is the exhibition of universal structure. According to present observation, in the range of 50Mpc, the distribution of galaxies presents stratified structure.

    2. Speed of galaxies round universal center

    Lorentz though that Newton's absolute space is full of stationary ether. The earth moves at 30 km/s in the ocean of stationary ether, and it certainly can produce either wind at 30 km/s. In 1887, Albert Michelson and Edward Morley did a exact experiment, but couldn't observe any ether wind. The test was repeated many times and the result was the same. It is called as zero result. In 1921~1925, American physicist Miller cooperated with Morley. They repeated to do the Michelson's experiment many times and all got nonzero results( namely, 0.33 result. it is about equal to observe the ether wind at 10km/s). In 1976~1977, the experiment in all carried through 10 times in the same time in two different places. One was in Princeton and another was in Lorentz-Berkeley's lab in the college of California. As a result, they not only discovered the flatout ether wind, but also discovered that the sun moved at 300m/s round the center of Milky Way galaxy, and Milky Way galaxy moved at 600m/s in ether ocean.

    So, when we calculate the time of universal death, we may regard the average speed of galaxies moving round universal center as about 600m/s.

    3. Amount of empty whirlpool field

    Universal motion is driven by dark energy. Dark energy always produces a kind of whirlpool motion. So, a whirlpool field can be always formed in the range of its rotation. We call it the whirlpool field of dark energy, or call it whirlpool field for short. The whirlpool field containing a large number of matters is called as physical whirlpool field. The whirlpool field without matter is called as empty whirlpool field.

    According to the order from bigger to smaller, physical whirlpool field is divided into four classes as follows:
    S1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a cluster of galaxies.
    A1 whirlpool field: it represents a galaxy's whirlpool field.
    B1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a star cluster.
    C1 whirlpool field: it represents the whirlpool field of a fixed star's system, for example, the solar system. .

    Empty whirlpool field is respectively shown by S2, A2, B2 and C2.
    S2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a cluster of galaxies.
    A2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a galaxy.
    B2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a star cluster.
    C2 whirlpool field: its size is similar to a fixed star's system, for example, the solar system.

    We suppose: the average radius of galaxies is 10kpc, and total galaxies in universe are 100 billion(=1011), and universal radius is 104Mpc/2=5*106kpc. Well then, we have following equations:
    Total universal area: πR2=3.14*(5*106)2=7.85*1013(kpc)2
    Total area of galaxies: 3.14*102*1011=3.14*1013(kpc)2
    Total area of A2 whirlpool fields: (7.85-3.14)*1013(kpc)2=4.71*1013(kpc)2
    Total area of A1 whirlpool fields = total area of galaxies=7.85*1013(kpc)2

    Because A1 whirlpool fields are shrinking and A2 whirlpool fields are expanding, the average size of A2 whirlpool fields must be bigger than one of A1 whirlpool fields. So, according to above calculating results, we may think: the amount of A2 whirlpool fields ≈ the amount of A1 whirlpool fields=the total amount of galaxies=1011. The average radius of A2 whirlpool fields =(4.71/3.14)1/2*10kpc≈12kpc.

    4. Universal status

    At present, galaxies are shrinking, but the shrinkage is produced by the decay of dark energy. S2 and A2 whirlpool fields are expanding, but the expansion is produced by the rotation of dark energy. Because there is no matter in S2 and A2 whirlpool fields, they have no load in their rotation. Under the action of rotating centrifugal force, they must expand. Dark energy decreases only in scale 5.3% per one billion years, the details please see Decay of Dark Energy. So, the shrinkage of galaxies is slow very much. In contrast, the expansion of S2 and A2 whirlpool fields is much faster. So, present universe is fleetly expanding.

    5. Process of universal shrinkage

    Dark energy is decreasing in scale 5.3% per one billion years. It can cause galaxies to shrink continually. 24 billion years later, dark energy will decrease 73%, and every galaxy will shrink into a black hole of singular point. The details please see Death of Galaxies. Thence, there is no longer fixed star in universe, but there are only three kinds of things as follows: The first is the black holes of dark energy locating universal center or the center of cluster of galaxies; The second is over 100 billion black holes of singular point; The third is over 100 billion A2 whirlpool fields. The black hole of dark energy is completely different to the black hole of singular point, the details please see: Death of Galaxies.

    When a galaxy's whirlpool field shrinks, empty whirlpool fields around it will expand. When it shrinks into a black hole of singular point, empty whirlpool fields around it will follow it in the same time. They always hold touch. When a black hole of singular point moves round universal center, it will enter certain empty whirlpool field around it. First it will enter C2 whirlpool field which volume is smaller. Because a black hole of singular point has the mass of a galaxy, C2 whirlpool field will be in overload and can't rotate. As a result, under the action of huge gravitation of the black hole, C2 whirlpool field will fleetly shrink towards the direction of the black hole until it is completely licked up by the black hole. So, when a black hole of singular point goes through C2 whirlpool field, the whirlpool field will be licked up by it.

    After a black hole of singular point licks up C2 whirlpool field, it will lick up B2 whirlpool field, A2 whirlpool field and S2 whirlpool field one by one. In the process, the dark energy absorbed by black hole of singular point will be more and more, and its rotating speed will be faster and faster.

    6. Time of universal death

    After all of galaxies become black hole of singular point, Suppose the total kinetic energy that they move round universal center is Ep. Universal dark energy is divided into two parts as follows: One is the dark energy to drive black holes of singular point to rotate, which is shown by Enj. Another is the dark energy to drive black holes of singular point to move round universal center, which is shown by Enk. Before black holes of singular point lick up empty whirlpool fields, universe is in a balance state, namely Enk=Ep. Thence, universe will neither expand nor shrink.

    Before black holes of singular point lick up empty whirlpool fields, suppose Enj=Enj0,Enk=Enk0. The average dark energy of A2 whirlpool fields is E0. Clearly, E0 is a kind of the dark energy to drive universe to rotate, and belongs to the category of Enk. After a black hole of singular point licks up one A2 whirlpool field, it will absorb the dark energy E0 of the whirlpool field. As a result, the E0 will change into the dark energy to drive the black hole to rotate. Thence, Enk=Enk0-E0, Enj=Enj0+E0. Analogously, After a black hole of singular point licks up two A2 whirlpool fields, Enk=Enk0-2E0, Enj=Enj0+2E0. After a black hole of singular point licks up three A2 whirlpool fields, Enk=Enk0-3E0, Enj=Enj0+3E0. Clearly, when black holes of singular point lick up A2 whirlpool fields, the dark energy Enk to drive universe to rotate will fleetly decrease, and the universe will fleetly shrink. In the same time, the dark energy Ejk to drive black holes of singular point to rotate will fleetly increase so that their rotation speed will be faster and faster.

    Suppose the average speed of black holes of singular point round universal center is 600m/s. When they go through C2 and B2 whirlpool fields, they will lick up these whirlpool fields. So, the average speed of black holes of singular point round universal center is in fact the speed that they lick up empty whirlpool fields. The average diameter of A2 whirlpool field is 24kpc=7.416*1017km. Suppose when a black hole of singular point goes through one A2 whirlpool field, it spends t seconds. Well then,

    t=7.416*1017/600=1.236*1015 seconds≈4*107 years=40 million years.

    So, spending 40 million years, a black hole of singular point will go through one A2 whirlpool field. In the same time, it will also lick up the whirlpool field. Because the amount of black holes of singular point is about equal to the amount of A2 whirlpool fields, after all of galaxies change into black hole of singular point, again spending 40 million years, all of empty whirlpool fields in universe will be completely licked up. Thence, universe will shrink into a black hole of singular point. From then on, universe will be dead. So, we may have following conclusion:

    2.4 *109 years later, all of galaxies in universe will be dead and become over 100 billion black holes of singular point.
    2.41*109 years later, the universe will be dead and become a black hole of singular point.
     
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  3. JFS321 Antioxidant Man Registered Senior Member

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    Dark energy? Guess I don't understand. My current understanding of cosmology is that the universe will continue to expand...
     
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  5. Xylene Valued Senior Member

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    1,398
    That's my understanding as well--the universe will continue to expand. Anyway, when this Universe runs out of steam, by that time we'll be advanced enough (providing we haven't blown ourselves away in the meantime) to go over into one of the neighbouring universes.
     
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  7. unless of course we dont exist by then? Its not like life has to exist forever... it can be pwned in one fell swoop by any number of causes over the next 20 billion years....
     
  8. also isnt dark energy still a hypothetical? i remember reading somewhere that dark energy/matter arent really known to exist for sure, yet they do explain many of the phenomena that occur in the universe, and fit in perfectly with the mathematical models used to describe the universe
     
  9. Quantum Quack Life's a tease... Valued Senior Member

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    as far as I am aware dark matter / energy was used to fill a void in our understanding. Sort of like, "hey man we are missing 98% of the universes mass, well according to our math it is mising, so what say we invent something to make our math seem ok?"

    So we create a substance to balance the books.....any way this is my take on it...
    after all it is always better to prop up our understanding than to face the possibility that our understanding is flawed ...yes? [light sarcasm]

    I guess what I am saying is that it is possible that the math we are using to calculate mass etc is incorrect. It is possible that there is no missing mass or energy.
     
  10. 2inquisitive The Devil is in the details Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    3,181
    Sorry QQ, but dark matter cannot be explained by 'changing the maths' to
    balance the books. Altering the inverse square rule does not solve the problem, as new information on the effects of dark matter has been found
    in the last two or three years that cannot be explained by changing gravitational laws. Dark energy is still more hypothetical, however.

    5376052, your (?) abstract is interesting, but I have a question you might
    answer. You speak of whirlpool motion of galaxies (true) and clusters. I haven't read of the rotation of galatic clusters, but that does seem reasonable. My question involves your postulation of black holes with point
    singularities being formed as those clusters collapse. My understanding of
    black holes is that rotating entities form rotating Kerr black holes, not Scwarzschild black holes. Kerr black holes have a ring shaped singularity, not
    the point infinity of Schwarzschild black holes. In fact, despite almost all focus on Schwarzschild black holes in forums such as this one, they aren't
    thought to exist in nature. The much more complicated rotating Kerr black
    holes are what conforms to data recieved from observations, observations of
    such effects as the ejecta from black holes. Perhaps you can clear this up.
     

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