3'RD MILLENNIUM BC 3'rd millennium BC : The Canaanites were the earliest known inhabitants of Palestine. They became urbanized and lived in city-states, one of which was Jericho . They developed an alphabet. Palestine's location at the center of routes linking three continents made it the meeting place for religious and cultural influences from Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor. It was also the natural battleground for the great powers of the region and subject to domination by adjacent empires, beginning with Egypt in the 3d millennium BC. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2'ND MILLENNIUM BC 2'rd millennium BC : Egyptian hegemony and Canaanite autonomy were constantly challenged by such ethnically diverse invaders as the Amorites, Hittites, and Hurrians. These invaders, however, were defeated by the Egyptians and absorbed by the Canaanites, who at that time may have numbered about 200000. 14th century BC : Egyptian power began to weaken, new invaders appeared: the Hebrews, a group of Semitic tribes from Mesopotamia, and the Philistines (after whom the country was later named), an Aegean people of Indo-European stock. 1230 BC : Joshua conquered parts of Palestine. The conquerors settled in the hill country, but they were unable to conquer all of Palestine. 1125 BC : The Israelites, a confederation of Hebrew tribes, finally defeated the Canaanites but found the struggle with the Philistines more difficult . Philistines had established an independent state on the southern coast of Palestine and controlled the Canaanite town of Jerusalem. 1050 BC : Philistines with there superior in military organization and using iron weapons, they severely defeated the Israelites about 1050 BC . --------------------------------------------------------------- 1'ST MILLENNIUM BC 1000 BC : David, Israel's great king, finally defeated the Philistines, and they eventually assimilated with the Canaanites . The unity of Israel and the feebleness of adjacent empires enabled David to establish a large independent state, with its capital at Jerusalem. 922 BC : Under David's son and successor, Solomon, Israel enjoyed peace and prosperity , but at his death in 922 BC the kingdom was divided into Israel in the north and Judah in the south . 722-721 BC : When nearby empires resumed their expansion, the divided Israelites could no longer maintain their independence . Israel fell to Assyria. 586 BC : Judah was conquered by Babylonia, which destroyed Jerusalem and exiled most of the Jews living there. Nebuchadnezzar entered Jerusalem. The Temple was sacked and set fire to, and razed to the ground. The Royal Palace and all the great houses were destroyed, the population carried off in chains to Babylon. And they lamented on their long march into exile. 539 BC : Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylonia and he permitted the Jews to return to Judea, a district of Palestine. Under Persian rule the Jews were allowed considerable autonomy. They rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem and codified the Mosaic law, the Torah, which became the code of social life and religious observance. The Jews were bound to a universal God. 333 BC : Persian domination of Palestine was replaced by Greek rule when Alexander the Great of Macedonia took the region. Alexander's successors, the Ptolemies of Egypt and the Seleucids of Syria , continued to rule the country . The Seleucids tried to impose Hellenistic (Greek) culture and religion on the population. 141-63 BC : Jews revolted under the Maccabees and set up an independent state. 132-35 BC : Jews revolts erupted, numerous Jews were killed, many were sold into slavery, and the rest were not allowed to visit Jerusalem. Judea was renamed Syria Palaistina. 63 BC : Jerusalem was overrun by Rome. Herod was appointed King of Judea. He slaughtered the last of the Hasmoneans and ordered a lavish restoration and extension of the Second Temple. A period of great civil disorder followed with strife between pacifists and Zealots, and riots against the Roman authorities. 37-4 BC : During the rule of King Herod the Great Jesus of Nazareth, peace be upon him was born. And years after, he began his teaching mission. His attempts to call people back to the pure teachings of Abraham and Moses were judged subversive by the authorities. He was tried and sentenced to death; "yet they did not slay him but only a likeness that was shown to them." ----------------------------------------------------------- 1-999 AD 70 AD : Titus of Rome laid siege to Jerusalem. The fiercely defended Temple eventually fell, and with it the whole city. Seeking a complete and enduring victory, Titus ordered the total destruction of the Herodian Temple. A new city named Aelia was built by the Romans on the ruins of Jerusalem, and a temple dedicated to Jupitor raised up. 313 AD : Palestine received special attention when the Roman emperor Constantine I legalized Christianity. His mother, Helena, visited Jerusalem, and Palestine, as the Holy Land, became a focus of Christian pilgrimage. A golden age of prosperity, security, and culture followed. Most of the population became Hellenized and Christianized . 324 AD : Constantine of Byzantium marched on Aelia. He rebuilt the city walls and commissioned the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and opened the city for Christian pilgrimage. 29-614 AD : Byzantine (Roman) rule was interrupted , however , by a brief Persian occupation and ended altogether when Muslim Arab armies invaded Palestine and captured Jerusalem in AD 638 . 638 AD : The Arab conquest began 1300 years of Muslim presence in what then became known as Filastin. Eager to be rid of their Byzantine overlords and aware of their shared heritage with the Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael, as well as the Muslims reputation for mercy and compassion in victory, the people of Jerusalem handed over the city after a brief siege. They made only one condition, That the terms of their surrender be negotiated directly with the Khalif 'Umar in person. 'Umar entered Jerusalem on foot. There was no bloodshed. There were no massacres. Those who wanted to leave were allowed to, with all their goods. Those who wanted to stay were guarantee protection for their lives, their property and places of worship. Palestine was holy to Muslims because the Prophet Muhammad had designated Jerusalem as the first qibla (the direction Muslims face when praying) and because he was believed to have ascended on a night journey to heaven from the the old city of Jerusalem (al-Aqsa Mosque today) , where the Dome of the Rock was later built. Jerusalem became the third holiest city of Islam. The Muslim rulers did not force their religion on the Palestinians, and more than a century passed before the majority converted to Islam. The remaining Christians and Jews were considered People of the Book. They were allowed autonomous control in their communities and guaranteed security and freedom of worship. Such tolerance was rare in the history of religion . Most Palestinians also adopted Arabic and Islamic culture. Palestine benefited from the empires trade and from its religious significance during the first Muslim dynasty, the Umayyads of Damascus. 750 AD : The power shifted to Baghdad with the Abbasids, Palestine became neglected. It suffered unrest and successive domination by Seljuks, Fatimids, and European Crusaders. It shared, however, in the glory of Muslim civilization, when the Muslim world enjoyed a golden age of science, art, philosophy, and literature. Muslims preserved Greek learning and broke new ground in several fields, all of which later contributed to the Renaissance in Europe. Like the rest of the empire, however, Palestine under the Mamelukes gradually stagnated and declined. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1000-1899 AD 1517 AD : The Ottoman Turks of Asia Minor defeated the Mamelukes, with few interruptions, ruled Palestine until the winter of 1917-18. The country was divided into several districts (sanjaks), such as that of Jerusalem. The administration of the districts was placed largely in the hands of Arab Palestinians, who were descendants of the Canaanites. The Christian and Jewish communities, however, were allowed a large measure of autonomy. Palestine shared in the glory of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century, but declined again when the empire began to decline in the 17th century. 1831-1840 AD : Muhammad Ali, the modernizing viceroy of Egypt, expanded his rule to Palestine . His policies modified the feudal order, increased agriculture, and improved education. 1840 The Ottoman Empire reasserted its authority, instituting its own reforms . 1845 Jewish in Palestine were 12,000 increased to 85,000 by 1914. All people in Palestine were Arabic Muslims and Christians. 1897 the first Zionist Congress held Basle, Switzerland, issued the Basle programme on the colonization of Palestine ------------------------------------------------------ 1900-1946 1904 the Fourth Zionist Congress decided to establish a national home for Jews in Argentina. 1906 the Zionist congress decided the Jewish homeland should be Palestine. 1914 With the outbreak of World War I, Britain promised the independence of Arab lands under Ottoman rule, including Palestine, in return for Arab support against Turkey which had entered the war on the side of Germany. 1916 Britain and France signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the Arab region into zones of influence. Lebanon and Syria were assigned to France, Jordan and Iraq to Britain and Palestine was to be internationalized. 1917 The British government issued the Balfour Declaration on November 2, in the form of a letter to a British Zionist leader from the foreign secretary Arthur J. Balfour prmissing him the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. 1917-1918 Aided by the Arabs, the British captured Palestine from the Ottoman Turks. The Arabs revolted against the Turks because the British had promised them, in correspondence with Shareef Husein ibn Ali of Mecca, the independence of their countries after the war. Britain, however, also made other, conflicting commitments in the secret Sykes-Picot agreement with France and Russia (1916), it promised to divide and rule the region with its allies. In a third agreement, the Balfour Declaration of 1917, Britain promised the Jews a Jewish "national home" in Palestine . 1918 After WW I ended, Jews began to migrate to Palestine, which was set a side as a British mandate with the approval of the League of Nations in 1922. Large-scale Jewish settlement and extensive Zionist agricultural and industrial enterprises in Palestine began during the British mandatory period, which lasted until 1948. 1919 The Palestinians convened their first National Conference and expressed their opposition to the Balfour Declaration. 1920 The San Remo Conference granted Britain a mandate over Palestine. and two years later Palestine was effectively under British administration. Sir Herbert Samuel, a declared Zionist, was sent as Britain's first High Commissioner to Palestine. 1922 The Council of the League of Nations issued a Mandate for Palestine. 1929 Large-scale attacks on Jews by Arabs rocked Jerusalem. Palestinians killed 133 Jews and suffered 116 deaths. Sparked by a dispute over use of the Western Wall of Al-Aqsa Mosque ( this site is sacred to Muslims, but Jews claimed it is the remaining of jews temple all studies shows clearly that the wall is from the Islamic ages and it is part of al-Aqsa Mosque). But the roots of the conflict lay deeper in Arab fears of the Zionist movement which aimed to make at least part of British-administered Palestine a Jewish state. 1936 The Palestinians held a six-month General Strike to protest against the confiscation of land and Jewish immigration. 1937 Peel Commission, headed by Lord Robert Peel, issued a report. Basically, the commission concluded, the mandate in Palestine was unworkable There was no hope of any cooperative national entity there that included both Arabs and Jews. The commission went on to recommend the partition of Palestine into a Jewish state, an Arab state, and a neutral sacred-site state to be administered by Britain. 1939 The British government published a White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering independence for Palestine within ten years. This was rejected by the Zionists, who then organized terrorist groups and launched a bloody campaign against the British and the Palestinians. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1947-1966 1947 Great Britain decided to leave Palestine and called on the United Nations (UN) to make recommendations. In response, the UN convened its first special session and on November 29, 1947, it adopted a plan calling for partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem as an international zone under UN jurisdiction. 1947 Arab protests against partition erupted in violence, with attacks on Jewish settlements in retalation to the attacks of Jews terrorist groups to Arab Towns and villages and massacres in hundred against unarmed Palestinian in there homes. 15 May 1948 British decided to leave on this day, leaders of the Yishuv decided (as they claim) to implement that part of the partition plan calling for establishment of a Jewish state. The same day, the armies of Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq joined Palestinian and other Arab guerrillas in a full-scale war (first Arab-Israeli War). The Arabs failed to prevent establishment of a Jewish state, and the war ended with four UN-arranged armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The small Gaza Strip was left under Egyptian control, and the West Bank was controled by Jordan. Of the more than 800,000 Arabs who lived in Israeli-held territory before 1948, only about 170,000 remained. The rest became refugees in the surrounding Arab countries, ending the Arab majority in the Jewish state. 1956 Attckes incursions by refugee guerrilla bands and attacks by Arab military units were made, Egypt refused to permit Israeli ships to use the Suez Canal and blockaded the Straits of Tiran erupted in the second Arab-Israeli War. Great Britain and France joined the attack because of their dispute with Egypt's president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had nationalized the Suez Canal. Seizing the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula within few days. The fighting was halted by the UN after a few days, and a UN Emergency Force (UNEF) was sent to supervise the cease-fire in the Canal zone. By the end of the year their forces withdrew from Egypt, but Israel refused to leave Gaza until early 1957. 1965 The Palestine Liberation Organization was established. ----------------------------------------------------------- 1967-1989 1967 Nasser's insistence in 1967 that the UNEF leave Egypt, led Israel to attack Egypt, Jordan, and Syria simultaneously on 5th of June. The war ended six days later with an Israeli victory. Israel occuiped Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, Arab East Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights. After 1967 war, several guerrilla organizations within the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) carried out guerrillas attacks on Israeli miletary targets, with the stated objective of "redeeming Palestine." 1973 Egypt joined Syria in a war on Israel to regain the territories lost in 1967. The two Arab states struck unexpectedly on October 6. After crossing the suez channel the Arab forces gain a lot of advanced positions in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights and manage to defeat the Israeli forces for more then three weeks. Israeli forces with a massive U.S. economic and military assistance managed to stop the arab forces after a three-week struggle. The Arab oil-producing states cut off petroleum exports to the United States and other Western nations in retaliation for their aid to Israel. In an effort to encourage a peace settlement, U.S. secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, managed to work out military disengagements between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai and between Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights during 1974. 1974 The Arab Summit in Rabat recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. 1982 Israel launched an invasion of Lebanon aimed at wiping out the PLO presence there. By mid-August, after intensive fighting in and around Bayrut, the PLO agreed to withdraw its guerrillas from the city. Israeli troops remained in southern Lebanon. 1987 Relations between Israel and the Palestinians entered a new phase with the intifada, a series of uprisings in the occupied territories that included demonstrations, strikes, and rock-throwing attacks on Israeli soldiers. 1988 The PNC meeting in Algiers declared the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181.
King David and everything before King David was probably myth. King David was probably real but he was not noteworthy enough for Egypt to notice him so his empire was probably vastly overstated by a future people who constructed a glorious but fictitious past for themselves. I also think all the various mythohistorical reported ethnic cleansings of Israel were probably overstated by the retelling of myth/history. My guess is that only the cities and larger villages got cleansed prior to the last century.
It did not have that name then. Canaan became Israel, it was then changed to Judea [Ludea - a latin name], the Jews in 70 CE then revolted and changed the name back to Israel, issueing coins with Israel embossed over the Roman Ludea, which infuriated the Roman invaders. The Romans then conducted a war, again re-named the land - this time as Palestine, this being the name of the ancient enemies of the Jews [Philistines]. The name Palestine was applied to the Jewish homeland - not an Islamic or Arab land. Can you prove this with any Canaanite alphabetical books? I ask because it appears the Israelites entered Canaan with their books already completed, and there is no proof of Canaanite alphabetical books as we see in the Hebrew. There was no country such as Palestine at any time - it was a province with that name, which the British named. The first mention of the Philistines is in the Hebrew bible. Calling Judea as Palestine pre-70 CE is a historical falsehood.
Knock-knock! King david was affirmed as a true historical figure in the Tel Dan discovery. Many archeologists, who termed David as myth, have never recovered from their shame. If there's a choice whose word to take, why not that of Josephus, written 2000 years ago as he witnessed the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple? This writings says 1.1 Million Jews perished while defending their city. This writing is backed by cross-nation reports and a host of relics discovered. In contrast, we find some mad man in Iran even denies the Holocaust, which is just 60 years away. All in all, the Hebrew writings are the most credible humanity possess - over 70% of the Hebrew bible has already been proven.
there are some problems with the opening post like mentioning somethings that there is zero proof for.
Holy and robbery are contradictions. This is the worst violation against a UN established state in all the UN's history - as yet with no UN Reso #. The attacking arab states declared open genocde as the goal - after also voting in the UN Motion which established Israel. Why did they even vote? :shrug:
It is interesting that the Arabs who invaded Palestine and the whole region were not known as Arabs until about 100 years after their invasion. Names come and go as needed. Does anybody know of any non mythological source of information documenting the arrival of Israelites into Canaan? Other than the Hyksos and the Apiru/Hapiru/Habiru there are no decent historical candidates for the Hebrews. Even those candidates are not necessarily the Hebrews. The Hebrews may have come later and may have evolved in place rather than having been invaders from outside modern Israel as the mythology suggests. Mythology when it can be checked against history usually turns out to not be real history.
There is hard copy proof the Israelites had a kingdom here, including 1st temple period coins with Hebrew writings, and that King David ruled 3,100 years ago [The Tel Dan find], and that a temple existed which was regarded the biggest monument of that time. That Israel existed as a force over 3000 years ago is seen in the Egyptian stelle. The war with the Philistines, who made underground tunnels in today's Gaza, is also provable.
actually proto-arab people were already there when the "arabs" invaded. the muslim conquest of the holy land was an arab invasion of other arabs.
the mesha stele was built around 850 BCE. another monolith dated 835 BCE that mentions the battle of Qarqar(fought in 853 BCE) mentions arab peoples in the region at the same time. and much of what you claim is proven fact is hotly contested by archeologists none of whom have had any reason to recover from shame because they didn't believe a myth. their is no hard proof and very little soft proof that king david actually existed.
Josephus had his own agenda. He did not seem to care about accuracy. His population numbers are way way way off. I will take Magen Broshi's numbers over Josephus's numbers, The total population of what is now Israel and the occupied territories was less than one million during the time that (lying but still a useful source) Josephus claimed he led a 100,000 man army in Galilee, http://books.google.com/books?id=lV...phus' population statistics, figures"&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=Xr...e&q="population" "josephus's numbers"&f=false
No, it does not mention Arabs: Check the original. Wiki is stating an opinion, and a manipulated one seeing there is no transit or post thread of dots till 500 BCE. If your talking about the Arab race, as opposed to palestine, there are two different things. There is a thread started which asks about the origins of the Arab peoples. The history of Palestine is well known and there should not be any disputes of it. That is your biased view, not a factual one. The Tel Dal find aligns with a narrative in the book of Kings, proving it with a contemporary monument which mentioneds it 100 years later. It does not get better than that for a figure over 3000 years old - it is probably the oldest figure historically evidenced by a relic. This is a figure of a period older than Buddha and Greece - I know of no older historical figure proven like that.
The reverse is the case. Josephus did not have an agenda - as opposed being under the dictates of Rome. His accuracy, aside from being too lenient on the Roman crimes, has never been doubted - it aligns with parallel historical archives. It was 8 million. In the going out of Egypt it was 3 million. Over 3 million lived in Jerusalem alone, and Judea had many cities and regions.
