Many recent discoveries and data on Supernovae are proving rather confusing and difficult to study and formulate some consistency in when they will happen...... see...... https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.00022.pdf Supernova Progenitors, Their Variability, and the Type IIP Supernova ASASSN-16fq in M 66 ABSTRACT : We identify a pre-explosion counterpart to the nearby Type IIP supernova ASASSN- 16fq (SN 2016cok) in archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data. The source appears to be a blend of several stars that prevents obtaining accurate photometry. However, with reasonable assumptions about the stellar temperature and extinction, the progenitor almost certainly had an initial mass M∗ <∼ 17M⊙ and was most likely in the mass range M∗ = 8-12M⊙. Observations once ASASSN-16fq has faded will have no difficulty accurately determining the properties of the progenitor. In 8 years of Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) data, no significant progenitor variability is detected to RMS limits of roughly 0.03 mag. Of the six nearby SN with constraints on low level variability, SN 1987A, SN 1993J, SN 2008cn, SN 2011dh, SN 2013ej and ASASSN-16fq, only the slowly fading progenitor of SN 2011dh showed clear evidence of variability. Excluding SN 1987A, the 90% confidence limit implied by these sources on the number of outbursts over the last decade before the SN that last longer than 0.1 years (FWHM) and are brighter than MR < −8 mag is approximately Nout <∼ 3. Our continuing LBT monitoring program will steadily improve constraints on pre-SN progenitor variability at amplitudes far lower than achievable by SN surveys.
http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~assassin/index.shtml All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae: What is ASAS-SN? The sky is big: even in the present day, only human eyes fully survey the sky for the transient, variable and violent events that are crucial probes of the nature and physics of our Universe. We plan to change that with our "All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae" (ASAS-SN or "Assassin") project, which will (eventually) automatically survey the entire visible sky every night down to about 17th magnitude, more than 25,000 times deeper than human eye. Such a project is guaranteed to result in many important discoveries, some of them potentially transformative to the field of astrophysics---think about ASAS-SN as the "SSST" - Small Synoptic Survey Telescope, complementing LSST and other time-domain projects by frequently observing the entire bright sky. Bright transients, Galactic and extragalactic, discovered early by our high-cadence survey, are especially valuable, as they are easy to study using relatively modest size telescopes. ASAS-SN is currently comprised of two units. ASAS-SN Unit-1, known as"Brutus", which also happens to be the name of the Ohio State mascot, is comprised of four robotic 14-cm telescopes deployed at the Haleakala station of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network. ASAS-SN Unit-2, named "Cassius", also consists of four 14-cm telescopes deployed at the LCOGT Cerro Tololo station. Together, these allow us to observe a total of approximately 20,000 square degrees each clear night. Eventually we would like to deploy a total of 16 telescopes at four different sites, allowing us to survey the entire visible sky every night. We started real-time reduction and analysis of "Brutus" four-telescope data in December 2013 and are continuing to make interesting discoveries. In addition, the "Cassius" system is also making many discoveries, and in July 2015 it was expanded to four telescopes. We are discovering numerous bright supernovae in both hemispheres (375 total, 104 so far in 2016). See below where our supernova discoveries announced so far are located on the sky (bigger symbols - smaller distance) Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!We continue to discover numerous bright cataclysmic variables, many of which are being intensely observed by professional and amateur astronomers. Here are some of our most exciting objects: ASASSN-15ts (December 2015). Type Ia supernova, V=17.3, about 250 Mpc away.Our 250th supernova! ASASSN-15nr (August 2015). Type Ia supernova, V=16.8, about 100 Mpc away.Our 200th supernova! ASASSN-15il (May 2015). Type Ia supernova, V=16.7, about 100 Mpc away. Our 150th supernova! ASASSN-15az (January 2015). Type Ia supernova, V=16.7, about 125 Mpc away.Our 100th supernova! ASASSN-14lp (December 2014). SN Type Ia. V=13.0, about 18 Mpc away. Our brightest supernova so far! ASASSN-14li (December 2014). A Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) in PGC 043234 (z=0.0206). About 90 Mpc away, this is the closest TDE ever discovered in optical wavelengths. ASASSN-14kq (November 2014). SN Type Ia. V=16.8, about 140 Mpc away. Our 75th supernova! ASASSN-14fj (August 2014). SN Type II in NGC 5732. V=16.8, about 53.9 Mpc away. Our 50th supernova! ASASSN-14dc (June 2014). SN in 2MASX J02183825+3336556. V=15.8, our furthest away and most luminous supernova so far (about 200 Mpc away, M_V=-20.6). ASASSN-14cu (June 2014). SN Type Ia in 2MASX_J12470274-2414435. V=16.2, about 108 Mpc away. The first supernova discovered with our Cassius unit! ASASSN-14cl (June 2014). A very large amplitude CV outburst that has been observed more than 20,000 times! ASASSN-14ax (May 2014). SN Type Ia in SDSS J171000.70+270619.6. V=16.5, about 140 Mpc away. Our 20th supernova! ASASSN-14ae (January 2014). A Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) in SDSS J110840.11+340552.2 (z=0.04367). About 200 Mpc away, at the time the closest TDE discovered in optical. ASASSN-13dm (December 2013). SN Type Ia in PGC 2816341. V=15.9, about 70 Mpc away. The first ASAS-SN supernova found using four-telescope configuration. continued:
continued: We started real-time reduction and analysis of "Brutus" two-telescope data in April 2013 and we had a number of exciting discoveries: ASASSN-13cp (August 2013). SN Type Ia. Our 10th supernova! ASASSN-13co (August 2013). SN Type IIP. Our first non-Ia supernova, about 90 Mpc away! ASASSN-13ck (August 2013). Large amplitude outburst (8 magnitudes) cataclysmic variable. ASASSN-13cb (August 2013). Extreme (delta V~9 mag) M-dwarf Flare. ASASSN-13an (June 2013). SN Type Ia. Our first supernova! AGN Outburst and Dramatic Seyfert Type Change in NGC 2617 (April/May 2013). See also ATel #5103, #5059 and #5039. Generally we are posting our real-time discoveries using ATel, so if you interested in being notified of our results, you should subscribe to that useful service, and also see our ASAS-SN Transients page. See below our sky coverage plot for the last 365 days - we are now observing the entire sky! Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image! At this point we are focused on discovering bright, nearby supernovae, but we like all kinds of variable objects, so if there is an object with V-band magnitude between V~9 and V~17 that we might have in our data, send us an e-mail and we will check what we have.
Great very impressive . but if the symbols are not identified , the writer is trying to impress but as far to communicate is a big zero
No, actually a scientific paper in scientific terms, whose message is the apparent lack of signs of some supernova and the other observation of BH's forming without Supernova.
