Will it explode and form a new star? The "new Sun" is supposed to be smaller than the old Sun, right? Because it has less materials.
In about 5 billion years time, when the Sun has finished fusing hydrogen, and starts on Helium fusion, its core will contract under gravity, heating up the outer envelope layers of the Sun and it will swell to a red giant, and eventually be relatively gently blown away, leaving a compact core which we call a White Dwarf. The WD star, although not producing any more heat and energy, is so hot that it will keep shining for many millions, even billions of years, eventually giving up its heat and becoming a black cinder. Larger stars have enough mass to continue fusion beyond helium and will undergo supernova.
I think the jury is still out on Earth. Conventional wisdom was that it would be consumed by the Sun along with Mercury and Venus. Planetary orbits will adjust to the Sun's decreased gravity. If I recall correctly, the Earth no longer be habitable in 500 million to a billion years.
How about planet like Jupiter and Saturn, which are farther away from the Sun, will they continue to be held by the Sun's gravity?
When the Sun becomes a white dwarf, it is estimated that it will lose 50% of its mass. One simulation has the outer planets surviving, but at a greater distance than now. Of all the mass in our Solar System, 99.7% of it is the Sun. Of that remaining 0.3%, about 71% is Jupiter, 21% is Saturn and Neptune & Uranus combined account for 7% (that's 99% of that 0.3%).
The sun is scheduled to make the transition to a red dwarf in about 5,000,000,000 years. This will involve a tremendous expansion of its size. In fact, its surface will be blown out to a distance very close to the distance from the Earth to the sun. If it exceeds that distance, the Earth will be vaporized and become part of the sun. If it does not exceed that distance, the Earth may be far enough away to remain solid. However, the temperature of the planet will be higher than the boiling point of water, so all of the Earth's water will evaporate out into space. Even if people have devised a way to build shelters that keep them from burning up, there will not be any water, so all life, including humanity, will not survive. However, our descendants will have five billion years to improve their space travel technology. Hopefully, they will have already established colonies in other solar systems, and perhaps even in other galaxies. This will make our survival more secure, because even if one planet is destroyed by a cosmic accident, the others will continue to thrive.
I believe that our sun is second generation star. The original larger sun, from the early universe, exploded, with the debris forming the current solar system and the modern sun. The current theory of star demise, ignores a simple phenomena that allows stars to explode, even with plenty of fuel left over. As atoms become larger and larger, due to fusion, they are also increasing their nucleus positive charge. For any given temperature, the larger atoms become increasingly difficult to fully ionize (remove all their electrons) due to the impact of more and more nuclear positive charge hanging onto electrons. As such, although larger atoms are heaver than smaller atoms, retaining electrons at high temperature and pressure, causes the larger atoms to be less dense. Density is mass/volume. Their volume is larger because that volume includes the electron cloud, while the smaller atoms only have the nucleus volume. The bottom line is larger partially ionized atoms, will float on fully ionized smaller atoms, at high pressure. As an analogy, if we take a lump of iron and throw it into the water, it will sink because iron is denser than water. On the other hand, if we shape the iron into the hull of small steel ship, now the same mass of iron will float on water. The electron cloud of partially ionize iron, adds volume to the mass of iron, like the hull of a steel ship, allowing it to float on a densely packed ionized hydrogen proton and helium sea. Our sun has a heavy atom plus iron shell that floats above the hydrogen core. This shell helps to regulate the fusion reactions and prevents runaway fusion. If the core is burning too hot, the extra heat ionizes the iron hull more, making it denser, so it sinks a little deeper. This seals off the core, by tightening the shell, putting a pinch on incoming fuel that needs to diffuse through the iron shell to the reach the core. As the core cools, the iron shell starts to gains more electrons. It then gets less dense and floats higher, allowing fuel to enter. A local surge of fuel can cause solar flares due to a back draft analogy. Excessive heating can cause the local iron shell density to increase. This will appear to us as sun spots. This cyclic sealing and then opening of the shell, and the fusion surges creates density surges against the iron shell, like a fusion hammer. This forges even higher atoms that add to the shell. Eventually the shell gets too thick, and the fuel is pinched off longer and longer. The core begins to cool longer, with the shell gaining even more electrons, thereby expanding even more. If the incoming fuel surge get too strong and global scale, the back drafting effect, can blow out the shell or large areas of it. This material is rich in the mid level and higher level atoms needed to form new planets. The sun's gravity then recycles the lighter and some of the heavy atoms (asteroids) with the new thinner shell allowing the sun to stabilize as the new planets evolve.
Why is this in the science section? This is science fiction. Whats more it is bad, illogical science fiction.
The Sun is expected to complete the transition into a dwarf star in 5 billion years. But the Earth will become uninhabitable long before then. I believe the Earth has another 500 million to a billion years in which it will be habitable by humans. But given, humans have only been around for perhaps 200,0000 years, we have plenty of time to prepare, assuming we don't get destroyed by asteroids, global warming, or some other natural or man made calamity.
Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image! Our friend wellwisher never answers any criticism, or refutation of his nonsensical rubbish.
In actual fact, as the Sun expands, it will also lose a heap of mass. This alone may "push" Earth into an orbit out beyond Mars. But by that stage I would Imagine both Earth and Mars to be unlivable as too close to the now giant red Sun. By the same token, the Sun's new habitable zone, where liquid water can exist, maybe good news for some of the outer planets and there moons. Europa Ganymede and Enceledus could have their surface ice crust melt into liquid seas. Titan could also undergo some dramatic change conducive to life. But that rosy period will only last for a few hundred million years and when the Sun finally exhausts itself of its tenious atmosphere, leaving a WD, those outer planets and moons, may resort back to their original state. We may have no choice other then to give up the solar system, and seek out life elsewhere in the galaxy or even beyond.
The sun's solar wind as the result of solar expansion would push off the Earth far too close to the Kuiper belt resulting in a chill rather than a freeze. The curvature of the sun allows for survival of all planets which means that survival is 100%. When the Earth pushes back there will be something like an abyss where the sun's new state is as it takes in mass from a prenatal birth of the white dwarf resulting from the sun's extinction. There would be also a black hole where the sun is and any hope of a star in the solar system would be lost forever. This would be a catastrophic universe.
Speaking for the Moderators, we sometimes move entire discussions to the pseudoscience/crackpottery boards. But we don't often do that to an individual post. The majority of our members are immature, either chronologically, emotionally or both. If we don't let them post there won't be much left of this website.
