Can a person be allergic to Sodium Chloride?

Jimmy-rigger · Mar 17, 2019

https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073567570800332X

Maybe I am reading it wrong, but is this implying that she is allergic to sodium chloride? Since it mentions in the full text she did not react to the intravenous dextrose solution so now I am curious.

Full text -

Anaphylaxis is a severe multisystemic hypersensitivity reaction. It may include hypotension or airway compromise. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening cascade caused by the release of mediators. Hypersensitivity describes an inappropriate immune response to generally harmless antigens, whereas anaphylaxis represents the most dramatic and severe form of immediate hypersensitivity [1].

A 37-year-old woman, who was a nurse but not doing her job during that time, was admitted to emergency service with abdominal pain at night. She was experiencing pain for the last 5 hours. She revealed that she had been followed up for a left ovarian cyst 4 cm in diameter, and at the day of admission, she was controlled again by her gynecologist, and the size of the cyst increased to approximately 6.3 cm in diameter. Before the onset of abdominal pain, she felt nausea accompanied by vomiting. Pain was all over the abdomen. She did not complain about diarrhea, constipation, dysuria, and urgency. Her last menstrual period was started 7 days ago. She was in medication of an oral contraceptive for only 3 days when she was admitted for pain.

In her medical history, 2 ovarian cyst operations and a laparoscopic cholecystectomy were noted. She had an atopic background, and she had experienced allergic reactions after administration of atropine, radiocontrast drugs, and pheniramine. She had undergone in vitro fertilization 3 years ago. While she was being treated with hormonal preparations, she was also given corticosteroids because of atopy history.

She was orientated and cooperated during physical examination. The Glasgow Coma Score was 15. Her vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 140/80 mm Hg; pulse rate, 100 beats per minute (regular); respirations, 16/min; and body temperature, 36.7°C. In physical examination, no pathologic finding was noted except diffuse tenderness in abdominal palpation all over the abdomen that was more prominent at the right lower quadrant. She had taken no painkiller at home.

During withdrawal of blood samples, an intravenous catheter was placed, and isotonic fluid containing metoclopramide was started. After a few minutes, she complained of vertigo and palpitations. Her fluid was stopped because pulse rate was 140/min and blood pressure dropped to 100/60 mm Hg. Auscultation revealed diffuse rhonchi. It was thought to originate from metoclopramide. To rule out ovarian cyst rupture, she was examined by the attendant gynecologist who did not think about an acute gynecologic problem. She underwent radiologic examinations including abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography without radiocontrast to rule out acute appendicitis, and results were within normal limits.

After she returned to the emergency service, she was started on normal saline without any medication in it. Some minutes later, she complained again of palpitations and vertigo with chest distress. She felt like fainting. Her pulse rate increased to 150/min. She had erythema over the neck and thorax and rhonchi in the lungs. At that time, it was thought that these complaints were due to normal saline. As normal saline infusion was stopped, her complaints improved immediately. To confirm the diagnosis of normal saline allergy, fluid was started again. After some minutes, she had same complaints and findings. With 5% dextrose solution, she had no complaints. After the pain decreased, she was sent home with recommendations.

Two months after discharge, she brought her child to the emergency service because of trauma, and she informed that she was operated for her ovarian cyst in another hospital. Her physicians underrated her warnings about saline allergy and administered normal saline again, and she experienced a similar clinical picture. Anaphylaxis is a severe immediate-type generalized hypersensitivity reaction affecting multiple organ systems and characterized, at its most severe, by bronchospasm, upper airway angioedema, and/or hypotension [2]. It has also been defined simply as “a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death” [3]. Allergic reactions to medications represent a specific class of drug hypersensitivity reactions mediated by immunoglobulin E [4].

In the literature, we found some case reports about allergic reactions to intravenous fluids containing maltose and corn-derived dextrose [5], [6], [7]. However, only one case report was found—anaphylactic shock against isotonic sodium chloride [8].

In conclusion, every substance or medication, even normal saline, can cause allergic reactions. So we have to be alert while giving everything to our patients. Physicians should not neglect and underrate any adverse reactions that can be attributed to any drug, and they should be alert and observe their patients for a probable drug allergy especially during parenteral treatments.
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James R · Mar 17, 2019

Jimmy-rigger said: ↑

Maybe I am reading it wrong, but is this implying that she is allergic to sodium chloride?
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That's the way I read it, too.

Since it mentions in the full text she did not react to the intravenous dextrose solution so now I am curious.
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About what?

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Jimmy-rigger · Mar 17, 2019

James R said: ↑

That's the way I read it, too.

About what?
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If NaCl can even bind to IgE antibodies to cause an immune response.

For example they say you cannot be allergic to glucose because it is way too small. Na+ and Cl+ are like 10 times smaller than glucose is.

More over, does this woman not have any sodium chloride in her body?

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mathman · Mar 17, 2019

Something is strange. Blood requires a certain level od sodium and chlorine ions for the bodies health. Also a normal diet includes salt in the food, even when no salt is added.

James R · Mar 18, 2019

Jimmy-rigger said: ↑

If NaCl can even bind to IgE antibodies to cause an immune response.

For example they say you cannot be allergic to glucose because it is way too small. Na+ and Cl+ are like 10 times smaller than glucose is.

More over, does this woman not have any sodium chloride in her body?
Click to expand...

On the last point, I'm sure she does have sodium chloride in her body. As I understand it, there is often a threshold for allergic reactions. So, less than a particular concentration of NaCl might be fine, but exceed that concentration and the body reacts. Maybe.

Maybe this woman's body has unusually low natural NaCl levels for some reason, and she reacts to levels that would be normal for most other people.

On the other hand, this sounds like a one-off report. We have no absolute way of knowing whether it was the NaCl or something else that was the problem in her case. I imagine this is a particularly rare kind of allergy, if it's real.

As for the stuff about the ions being too small to cause an immune reaction, I think we need to wait for an answer from somebody who has more relevant knowledge than I do.

exchemist · Mar 20, 2019

Very pleased to see Jimmy rigger is now banned as a sock of Gaiagirl, Frank Baker etc etc. The spontaneous combustion/exploding thymus gland obsessive.

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Can a person be allergic to Sodium Chloride?

Is Sodium Chloride allergy (IgE mediated) possible?

Yes

No

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Can a person be allergic to Sodium Chloride?

Is Sodium Chloride allergy (IgE mediated) possible?

Yes

No

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James R Just this guy, you know? Staff Member

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