Tunnels Reverse Global Warming And Weaken Hurricanes

It is just an idea that needs computer modeling thats all but I am betting on Pascal and Bernoulli in this case. Anyways, I thought it was funny when HRD told me they don't have a computer that can model it yet.That made me want to :bawl:

 

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Tunnels can prevent stroke and Heart attacks.

Microscopic Pollution May Trigger Heart Attacks And Strokes By Spurring Blood Clots
Science Daily — It was a murder mystery playing out in major cities across the country and perplexing scientists. Thousands of people were dying from strokes and heart attacks within 24 hours of a spike in microscopic pollution -- tiny particles that spew from the exhaust of diesel trucks, buses and coal-burning factories.


This is a particle of microscopic pollution (magnified 2,000 times and 10,000 times) that appears to trigger fatal heart attacks and strokes. But scientists didn't have a smoking gun. They couldn't figure out why the pollution was triggering the deaths. All they had to go on was a vague lead: the particles -- too small to be filtered by the nose or mouth -- caused inflammation of the lungs. But what was the link between particles trapped in the lungs to the strokes and heart attacks?

New research from the gumshoes at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine has solved a key piece of the mystery. The study identifies how these tiny pieces of soot -- called particulate matter air pollution -- kill people at risk and tells how they can protect themselves from these pollution-related strokes and heart attacks.

Northwestern researchers have discovered that this microscopic air pollution -- smaller than 10 microns or less than one-tenth of the diameter of a human hair -- spurs hyperclotting of the blood. The study found that lungs inflamed by the pollution secrete a substance, interleukin-6, which causes an increased tendency for blood to coagulate or clot. This raises the risk of a fatal heart attack or stroke in people with cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure or a history of stroke.

Previous epidemiological research has linked the pollution to cardiovascular death and disease, but this is the first study to show how it actually happens in an animal model.

"This is a critical missing piece of the puzzle that has eluded scientists for decades," said Gokhan Mutlu, M.D., lead author of the study and assistant professor of pulmonary and critical care medicine at the Feinberg School, and a physician at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. "Now we know how the inflammation in the lungs caused by air pollutants leads to death from cardiovascular disease."

People at risk can probably help protect themselves by taking low-dose aspirin to keep their blood thin, Mutlu said.

Mutlu collaborated on the study with co-authors Scott Budinger, M.D. associate professor of pulmonary and critical care medicine, and David Green, M.D., professor of hematology and oncology, both at the Feinberg School and physicians at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

The paper will appear on-line Sept. 20 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation and will be published in the print issue October 1.

In the study, researchers used particles of pollution collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, mixed them into a saline solution and injected the pollution cocktail into the lungs of mice. The blood of the mice exposed to the pollution clotted faster than mice not exposed. Researchers observed a 15-fold increase in interleukin-6 24 hours after the mice were exposed to the pollution.

In people, interleukin-6 also raises the levels of a substance called CRP, which is correlated with death from cardiovascular disease.

Particulate matter pollution is highest near expressways or truck routes. It's hard for commuters to escape. People are exposed to the pollution inside a car (even with the windows rolled up), a train or walking outdoors, Mutlu said. The only safe location with lower levels is indoors.

People with previous blockages in the coronary or carotid arteries are at the highest risk. "It's important to get screened to see if you have one of these conditions. If so, when there are high levels of particulate matter, you should try to stay indoors and limit your exposure to the outside air," Budinger said.

Exercising hikes the risk because it floods the lungs with more polluted air. "If you're sitting down, the amount of air you get into your lungs is about five to six liters per minute, but if you're running the amount is 20 to 25 liters," Mutlu noted. "If you're close to an expressway, you're actually breathing more particulate matter into your lungs."

The doctors also warned that heart attacks and strokes occur at relatively low levels of particulate matter pollution. "We haven't found a safe level yet," Mutlu said. He hopes the study helps encourages the EPA and local regulators to reduce the limits on particulate matter levels.

The American Lung Association State of the Air: 2007 report said the most "ominous trend" in air pollution is the increase in particle pollution, particularly in the eastern United States. Among the metropolitan areas, Los Angeles has the most year-round particle pollution. Chicago ranks 11; New York, 17 and Washington D.C., 20. All received an "F" or failing grade for their pollution , which was in excess of the EPA annual average limit of 15 micrograms per cubic meter.

The risk of dying from a heart attack or ischemic stroke jumps a whopping 30 percent with each additional 10 micrograms of pollution.

While the current Northwestern study looked at the acute effects of this microscopic pollution, Mutlu also has begun to research its long-term exposure on cardiovascular health. He is piping air on the street from Huron and Lake Shore Drive in downtown Chicago into a chamber with mice. Over the next several years, he will examine the effect of breathing this air on the mice's cardiovascular health.

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences supported the study.

 

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Here is how the cooler waters in the Gulf Stream restore the arctic via the Tunnels.

"and that the warming is linked to general rising temperatures of the Atlantic Ocean via the Gulf Stream,"

Rising Surface Temperatures Drive Back Winter Ice In Barents Sea, Researchers Find
Science Daily — Rising sea-surface temperatures in the Barents Sea, northeast of Scandinavia, are the prime cause of the retreating winter ice edge over the past 26 years, according to research by Jennifer Francis, associate research professor at Rutgers’ Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences (IMCS). The recent decreases in winter ice cover is clear evidence that Arctic pack ice will continue on its trajectory of rapid decline, Francis said.

In a paper published in Geophysical Review Letters, Francis and Elias Hunter, a research specialist in Francis’ laboratory, found that the rising average winter-time sea-surface temperature of the Barents Sea – up 3 degrees Celsius since 1980 – is likely driven by increasing greenhouse gases, which in turn are melting more ice. Francis and Hunter used satellite information dating back 26 years to perform their study.

Scientists have known for some time that the extent of perpetual, summer ice cover in the Arctic has been shrinking, but until the past few years, the average amount of winter ice has been relatively steady. The winter ice amount is important because if it begins to decrease, scientists believe it is an indicator that enough extra heat from the sun is being absorbed in summer in new open water areas so that the ice grows less in winter and is more easily melted the following summer, leading to even less summer ice.

The record-breaking ice loss this year is further, dramatic evidence that this process is underway. While satellites can see the recent winter ice retreat, no one knew until now what was driving the ice back. Francis said she and Hunter were surprised when they discovered that warming ocean temperatures – and not atmospheric effects – were the main source of winter ice retreat, and that the warming is linked to general rising temperatures of the Atlantic Ocean via the Gulf Stream, which brings Atlantic water into the Barents Sea.

“In the Barents Sea, I expected more influence from atmospheric heating; but it [the retreat of the ice edge] seems to be governed almost entirely by warming from the ocean,” Francis said.

Should the warming trend continue -- and all indications are that it will -- there would be considerable economic and political implications. “Fishing, shipping, oil exploration will all be easier to do in the Arctic if there is less ice around for a shorter time,” Francis said.

Francis and Hunter were in for another surprise in the Bering Sea, between Alaska and Siberia. That sea is virtually cut off from the Pacific Ocean by the Aleutian Islands. The researchers expected the ice edge there to be pushed around by northerly and southerly winds, but that wasn’t the case. Instead, it was the strength or weakness of the Aleutian Low – a semi-permanent storm with predominantly easterly winds in much of the Bering Sea – that determined the ice edge. In years when the low was weak – when the east wind didn’t blow as hard – the ice edge crept farther south.

In years when the east winds blew hard, the ice edge retreated northward. The strength of the Aleutian Low oscillates in cycles lasting 10 to 20 years, Francis said, and right now, appears to be in a weak cycle. That means that the ice edge in the Bering Sea, not exposed to the world’s ocean system like its Barents Sea counterpart, has not retreated as much. Computer models predict, however, that the Aleutian Low will strengthen as the global climate system adapts to increasing greenhouse gases.

 

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Good to know our power bills will rise again. If we don't cause global warming then why do this?:shrug::shrug:

EPA to issue CO2 sequestration rules
WASHINGTON, Oct. 11 (UPI) -- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced Thursday it plans to develop geologic carbon dioxide sequestration regulations.

Geologic sequestration is a process of injecting captured carbon dioxide into deep underground rock formations for long-term storage. The EPA said the rules will be designed to ensure there is a consistent and effective permit system under the Safe Drinking Water Act for commercial-scale geologic sequestration programs.

"Addressing global climate change will require fundamental changes in the way the world generates and uses energy," said EPA Administrator Stephen Johnson. "By harnessing the power of geologic sequestration technology, we are entering a new age of clean energy (in which) we can be both good stewards of the Earth, and good stewards of the American economy."

The EPA said it is working with the Department of Energy in evaluating potential impacts on health, safety and the environment.

The Safe Drinking Water Act established the Underground Injection Control Program to allow the safe injection of fluids into the subsurface in a manner that does not endanger current or future underground sources of drinking water.

EPA officials said they plan to issue the regulations next summer.

 

TUNNELS PREVENT THIS.
http://vortex.accuweather.com/adc2004/pub/includes/columns/community/2007/moulin.jpg
Large Moulins in Greenland causing an Alarm
A probe is sent down into a moulin. Image courtesy of NASA


A moulin is the name for a giant hole in a glacier in which millions of gallons of melt water can cascade through to the rocky surface underneath the glacier during the melt season.

Why am I bringing this up now? Well, on a recent trip to Greenland a group of scientists and journalists were alarmed at the size and number of these moulins that they saw on the Greenland ice cap. Some of the moulins in Greenland run on the scale of Niagra Falls and are helping the glaciers to move at three times the rate that they did previously.

Scientists say the acceleration of melting and subsequent speeding up of giant glaciers could be catastrophic in terms of sea level rise and make previous predictions published this year by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) far too low, according to the article from AlterNet, which is a progressive news website.

Professor Robert Correll, chairman of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment said that newly invented ice penetrating radar showed that the melt water was pouring through to the bottom of the glacier creating a melt water lake 500 metres deep causing the glacier "to float on land. "These melt water rivers are lubricating the glacier, like applying oil to a surface and causing it to slide into the sea. It is causing a massive acceleration which could be catastrophic." Correll stated that one particular glacier puts enough fresh water into the sea in one day to provide drinking water for a city the size of New York for a year.

Correll believes that the estimates of a 20 to 60 centimeter sea level rise this century from the IPCC report in February had been "conservative" and feels that it would be at the upper end of this range at a minimum. Some scientists fear that number could be 2 metres (200 centimeters), which would obviously have catastrophic effects for European and U.S. coastlines.

 

Looks like Gore and Bush are correct.

Greenland ice cap melting faster than expected

COPENHAGEN, Oct 11 (AFP) Oct 11, 2007
The ice cap in the northern hemisphere is melting a lot more rapidly that scientists thought, according to new research published Thursday by the Danish National Space Center.
"Until 2004, the glacier mass in the southeastern part of the island lost about 50 to 100 cubic kilometres (12 to 24 cubic miles) per year. After this date, the melting rate acellerated to 300 cubic kilometres per year. It's a jump of 400 percent, which is very worrying," National Space Center head researcher and project chief Abbas Khan told AFP.

The ice cap, located in Greenland, is melting four times more rapidly than at the beginning of the decade according to the study. Glaciers in southeastern Greenland release icebergs into the sea, corresponding to a giant ice cube measuring 6.5 kilometres (4 miles) per side.

"It's an alarming development," Khan said. "We do not know if it is due to global warming or other factors."

The results of the study were made in conjunction with US-based University of Colorado and published Thursday on an online edition of Geophysical Research Letters magazine.

The researchers measured ice melt with ultra-sensitive Global Positioning Systems (GPS) stations located in the mountains and along the ice cap.

The measurements indicated that the mountains hugging glaciers in the southeastern part of Greenland rose four to five centimetres (1.5 to two inches) per year, and that the banks of the glaciers thinned 100 metres per year.

The Greenland ice cap measures 1.7 million square kilometres (656,000 square miles) and is 3.2 kilometres (two miles) thick.

 

Actually the ice is being moved out of the Arctic by the pressure wave of the Arctic Oscillation pushing old ice through the Fram Strait between Greenland and Norway.

ht p://w w.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020807seaice.html


When ice melts sea level remains the same. However, the movement of ice out of the Arctic has lowered sea levels drawing in warmer Pacific waters in the west through the Bering Strait.

 

Actually the ice is being moved out of the Arctic by the pressure wave of the Arctic Oscillation pushing old ice through the Fram Strait between Greenland and Norway.

ht p://w w.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020807seaice.html


When ice melts sea level remains the same. However, the movement of ice out of the Arctic has lowered sea levels drawing in warmer Pacific waters in the west through the Bering Strait.

I'd like to read your link but it isn't working:
Yep! What goes in must go out unless it gets dammed up somewhere. Warm water in cold water out. What will happen is the cooler water that is exiting will expand as it makes it way south. Sadly, as the Arctic ice melts away the rate at which Greenlands landbased ice melts away will continue to accelerate as mentioned in the articles above and we all know what happens as land based ice melts away.:shrug:

My TUNNELS will prevent this as they cool SSTs in the tropics therefore the water entering the Arctic is cooler to begin with and therefore the ice melt doesn't occur it will rebuild. "Computer Modeling" of my "TUNNELS" will prove this effect.

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How the fuck is this a sticky? It's claims are at best hypothetical, and now the instigator of this thread seems to be spamming it with wild claims about prevention of problems using their idea.

 

I'd gladly give you a bar of soap for your foul mouth. Want a tooth brush also? Go to some other thread and trash it.

 

Cat,

Your head is in the clouds. You expect multiple countries to undergo a trillion dollar project to prevent a problem that is not even fully proven to exist.

Money should be spent somewhere intelligent like fusion research not building a huge tunnel. Why not build a space elevator too while you're at it.

Barry

 

I agree G..how is this a sticky?...to show an example of what not to post? Even me, the class clown, sees great big huge holes you could drive a truck through in the basic mechanics of the design. What's up with that?

 

Hmm, still a sticky. A good reason not to come back then, if this is their idea of "science".

 

Actually, stirring up the oceans in order to provide cooling is a significantly flawed idea. Something like 90% and upwards of the earths total available C02 is held at the bottom of the ocean, it would be inevitably thrust upwards and released (if this even worked). Which would not solve the problem, it would be a temporary fix that would have more disastrous consequences.

 

Hi cat2only i do computational fluid dynamics and i think your problem posed does have some merits. I don't believe you need a large computer if are not too concerned about accuracy. I already have a code that solves for incompressible fluids. To do the simulations mean we need to know which equations to solve. Can you provide us with the equations?

 

Cat2 is LONG gone! His last post was over a year ago. Both he and his hare-brained idea are where they belong - banished to the depths of obscurity.

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This thing is full isn't it?

 

I see 256 at the bottom there and thats too precise of a number to be a coincidence ^^

If you read this cat2, I like your style. The way you find ideas to support your project seemingly everywhere reminds me of myself. The idea is good, and something like this is sort of being done. A very long tube placed in the ocean will work not by harnessing the flow of the gulf stream but by harnessing the temperature difference at the top and the bottom this was first proposed almost one hundred years ago.

The reason I do not think this would work is BECAUSE it would lower SST's. This is unacceptable for an environmentalist's point of view. It would destroy the ecosystem of the entire gulf coast by changing the habitat. If temperatures were lowered by even 5 degrees, it would invite hosts of invasive species. Evolution would not be nearly fast enough to cope with this change, and it would result in a biological invasion from outside the gulf coast. It would make for an environmental disaster.

The tubes do work though

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good luck!

 

They work perfectly because force1 at tunnel inlet is greater than force2 at tunnel outlet. They can regulate to the nearest 1/10th of a degree if needed.

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lol