Magnetohydrodynamics is the field of study in which all this can be found. See wikipedia for background information on it. There is a brief note on planetary geology;
Dynamo effect means, the conductor needs to move smothly in a magnetic field to produce a farly uniform field which the Earth has. Hurricanes do not produce anything smooth. Besides, temperature gradients are top to bottom and hence the molten stuff would rise and fall rather than run in circles. Also there is no mechanism except temp gradients that would make the molten core circle faster than Earth's rotational speed. There are a lot of unanswered questions. For example, why the Mars does not have similar magnetic field since we all know that rotational speed is conserved.
The atheists and the materialists negate the existence of God and consider human life and even mind to be a form of matter. Darwin’s theory of Evolution has influenced the minds of people and their character has been influenced as well. Such people do not believe in divine morals and values. They do not believe in God, soul and Hereafter. Islam says that God has created this universe and Humans with a specified goal. In Sura the Heifer in verse 117 the Quran says: “To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: when He decrees a matter, He says to it: “Be”, and it is.” Similarly in Sura Yasin in verse no. 82 the Quran announces: “Verily, when He intends a thing, His command is, “Be”; and it is”. The Quran has used two words for creation “Khalaq” and “Amr”. “Amr” is immediate command and immediate creation. Suppose about the creation of soul the Quran says: They ask you about soul, say; the soul is the command of my Lord” – All humans and the cosmos has been regarded as “Khalq”. The man comes in to being through a proper natural system. Without sexual intercourse and conception no life can take shape. But when the Quran refers about the birth of Jesus Christ; it is not natural or usual way of birth. It is through special command. Similarly the mothers of Yahya and Ishmael had gone old and barren and could not produce children. But the Quran mentions about their birth through special command. The natural laws and usual system of creation is regarded as Khalq. Hence the Quran in Sura Al-Imran in verse 190 says; “Behold! In the creation of heavens and the earth, and the alternation of Night and Day – there are indeed signs for men of understanding.” There are many verses in the Quran dealing with the subject of creation. Then there is also the concept of evolutionary process in creation but it is not in Darwinian sense but in the sense of developing stages of cosmos. The Quran in Sura The Height in verse 54 announces; “Your Guardian – Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days.” Then in Sura “the cattle” in verse 2 the Quran says; “He it is who created you from clay; and then decreed a stated term) for you). An there is in His presence another determined term; yet you doubt within yourselves”. The six days and stated term indicate the process and stages of creation by God. The creation of the universe in six days is the Biblical concept as well. Man is the blend of Matter and Soul. When God created Adam out of clay he infused his spirit in it. The Quran very explicitly narrates the story of the creation of Adam. The materialists do not believe in creation and spirit and regard the universe only the product of blind material forces. Now let us discuss what Darwin propounded. Darwinism bases on materialism. The ancient Greek materialists like Democritus believed in Evolutionary Naturalism. Besides the British scientist Charles Robert Darwin (1809 – 1882) and the British philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903), a number of other eminent philosophers supported the theory of evolution. Hegel’s theory of cosmic evolution is its offshoot. Nietzsche applied the concept of evolution to ethical theory. Karl Marx and Engels adopted it to socio – political philosophy. Thomas Henry Huxlay humanized it. Henri Bergson became one of its most influential exponents and Samuel Alexander developed it into his novel theory of emergent evolution. French Zoologist Jean de Lamarck (1744 – 1829), in 1809 presented his pioneering theory of evolution. Charles Darwin, in his “The Origin of Species” 1859) and “The Descent of Man” 1871), presented his theory of evolution. He presented the theory of the Mechanism of Natural Selection or survival of the fittest. Darwinism maintains that living things were not created but came into being by chance. Darwinism, materialism and communism believe in matter not in spirit. Darwin himself regarded his theory based on assumptions. Darwinism has been scientifically rejected. The defeat of Darwinism in the faces of science can be reviewed under three basic topics: 1- The Darwinism theory cannot scientifically explain how life originated on Earth. 2- No scientific finding shows that the “evolutionary mechanism” proposed by the theory have any evolutionary power at all. 3- The fossil record provided proves the exact opposite of what the theory suggests. The evolutionists’ claim that the universe started from “first atom” and life started from “first cell”. Who created the atom and cell, the evolutionists cannot answer. Inanimate matter must have produced a living cell as a result of coincidence in the belief of the evolutionists. Modern biologists have rejected this claim. Life comes from life has been proved. The theory of “spontaneous generation”, which asserts that non-living materials came together to form living organism has been rejected. In a lecture at the Sorbonne in 1864, Pasteur said; “Never will the doctrine of spontaneous generation recover from the mortal blow struck by this simple experiment.” The great evolutionists like Russian biologist Alexander Oparin and American chemist Stanley Miller experimented to prove that a living cell could originate by coincidence but failed and they admitted their failure. Oparin in “Origin of Life” and Stanley Miller in “Molecular Evolution of life” discuss it in detail. Jeffery Bada in his book “Earth” admits: “we still face the biggest unsolved problem that we had when we entered the twentieth century: how did life originate on earth.” The conditions required for the formation of cell are too great in quantity to be explained away by coincidences. The DNA molecule is so complex that it cannot be accidental or coincidental. Mechanism of evolution has been also rejected. No deer becomes horse and no ape becomes man. It is a fallacious theory having no historical and scientific evidence. Lamarck and Darwin believed in the transferring of traits of one species to the other. They maintain that living creatures passed on the traits they acquired during lifetime to the next generation. Giraffes evolved from antelopes and bears transformed into whales. However, the laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel (1822 – 1884) and verified by the science of genetics have nullified the theory of evolutionary mechanism. Neo-Darwinism advances the Modern synthetic Theory”. Mutations, i.e.; genetic disorders do not cause living beings to develop on the contrary they are always harmful. The fossil record theory of Darwin, which was a basic contention, has been rejected on scientific grounds. According to this theory, every living species has sprung from a predecessor. No “Transitional Forms” have yet been uncovered. On the contrary, the British Paleontologist, Drerk v. Ager in “The Nature of the Fossil Record” admits that the fossil records shows not gradual evolution but the sudden explosion of one group at the expense of another. This is just the opposite of Darwin’s assumptions. Douglas J. Futuyma, an eminent evolutionist biologist in his book, “Science of Trail” announces organism as the creation of some omnipotent intelligence. Fossils show, writes Harun Yahua, in his book, “The Importance of Conscience in the Quran”, that living beings emerged fully developed and in a perfect state on the earth. That means, that the Origin of Species, contrary to Darwin’s suppositions, is not evolution, but creation.” On the wonders of creation the Quran in Sura Rehman aptly announces: “He has created man. He has taught him an intelligent speech.” Then in the same Sura in verse 13 God announce; “Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny.”
Well Enmos, what i do as of current is determine composition, that means just what the atomic elements are that compose a planet. I can look at what the cheimcal compositions might be, or give a estimate. but chemical composition can get rather difficult to determine. However i do understand the parameters for defining chemical composition, for me i need actually to take the time in order to do the required calculations to determine the various chemical compostions. As for the atomic element composition of the earth that i understand and can readlly calculate and determine, however there exist the issue of accuracy with atomic elements above silicon, they are minor values of discrepancy but I still consider them to be inaccuracies, mainly because somewhere at some time they may add up, simular to when numbers right of the decimal point are dropped from a calculation to round off. Most distrubance of variable dispersion of atomic elements exist in the crust of the earth with elements above silicon, not because of chemical reactions that make chemical composition, but because elements above silicon are low in abundance, being simular to rare earth elements when we talk about earth composition, the chemical composition is a secondary event to atomic composition I have already made it clear that atomic elements are in strata/ layers and have the tendancy to be dominated by the atomic element of that layer/strata. There are numerous events that my disturb various layers, such as a magnetic pole reversal. How the chemical composition takes its order in formation is up to the person looking for a certain set of effects, for example sulfur is found frequently in volcanic eruptions, how they see thhat happen is up to them to assess, Well for example i have a tendancy to think that the earth had a magnetic pole reversal that resulted in the rise of silicon as a surface, as the normaization strata for silicon is 32 miles below the current surface, perhaps the reaction of oxygen and silicon where formed as a surface during a magnetic pole reversal, both are out of their normaization starta/layer. Kmguru Looking at the internal earth, it appears to be composed of quite a bit of carbon, and i think that carbon is the generator of the magnetic feild at this point, iron is way in the back seat in my opinion. DwayneD.L.Rabon
The Miracle In The Atom Why ? Once the answer is found, this question is the key to a gate that leads one to a completely different world. It is, at the same time, a slim line that separates those who know from those who don't. In the world in which we live, mankind is caught up in a continuous search for the answers to many questions like "what?", "how?" and "in what way?", and can make but little headway in answering them. It is unlikely for man to make his way to the truth unless he asks himself the question "why?" about the extraordinary order and balance with which he interacts. In this book, we will deal with the subject of "the atom", the groundwork of every animate and inanimate thing. After seeing what occurs and in what way it occurs with regards to the atom, we will seek the answers to the question "why?" The answer to this question will take us to the truth we pursue. Since the first half of the 19th century, hundreds of scientists worked day and night to reveal the secrets of the atom. These studies that uncovered the form, motion, structure and other properties of the atom shattered the very grounds of classical physics that assumed matter to be an entity without any beginning or end, and laid the foundation for modern physics. They also produced many questions. Many physicists, looking for answers to these questions, finally agreed that there is perfect order, unerring balance and conscious design in the atom, as in everything else in the universe. This truth is revealed in the Qur'an sent down by Allah fourteen centuries ago. As made clear in the verses of the Qur'an, the whole universe works in perfect order because the earth, the sky and everything in between is created by Allah, Who has infinite power and wisdom. It is certainly no wonder that everything created by Allah has extraordinary excellence and runs within a flawless order. What comes as a real surprise is man's unrelenting insensitivity towards the numerous miracles he encounters, sees, hears, and knows – including his own body – and his negligence about the reason "why" these extraordinary details are presented to him. Though dwelling on a scientific subject, the purpose of "The Miracle in the Atom" is different from that of conventional scientific books. This book deals with the "atom", unique in being the building block of both animate and inanimate objects, with the questions "what?", "how?" and "in what way?", thereby opening the door to the answer of the question "why?" Once beyond this door, the superiority of the wisdom and knowledge of Allah, and His creation will be revealed for all to see: Allah, there is no god but Him, the Living, the Self-Sustaining. He is not subject to drowsiness or sleep. Everything in the heavens and the earth belongs to Him. Who can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them but they cannot grasp any of His knowledge save what He wills. His Footstool encompasses the heavens and the earth and their preservation does not tire Him. (Surat al-Baqara: 255) With your body made up of atoms, you are breathing atoms in the air, eating atoms in food and drinking atoms of water. What you see is nothing other than the collision of electrons of the atoms in your eye with photons. And what about what you feel by touch? The sensations are simply formed by atoms in your skin repelling atoms of objects. Indeed, almost everyone knows today that his body, the universe, the world, in short, everything consists of atoms. Yet, perhaps, most people so far never thought about what kind of a system the entity we call the atom has. Or, even if they did, they did not feel the need to investigate it, because they always thought this concerns physicists alone. Man, however, lives entwined within this perfect system throughout his life. This is such a system that every one of the trillions of atoms forming the armchair on which we sit has an order about which a book could be written. It takes pages to tell the formation, the system and the power of a single atom. As the technology advances and our knowledge of the universe increases, these pages also increase. How then did this order form? It cannot be that the particles scattered around after the Big Bang have formed the atom with a sudden decision, and then an appropriate environment was formed by chance, and these atoms have transformed into matter. It is certainly impossible to explain such a system by "chance". Everything you see around you, and even the air you cannot see, consist of atoms, and there is a very complex traffic between these atoms. Who then can direct the traffic between the atoms? Can it be you? If you think that your body consists of atoms alone, then which one of your atoms directs which, and which atom directs what? Do the atoms of your brain that are no different from other atoms control the others? If we assume that the atoms of your brain are directors, then we have to answer these questions: * If all atoms forming the brain are directors, how and based on what do they make their decisions? * How do trillions of atoms forming the brain cooperate? * Why does not a single atom out of trillions of them oppose the decision that is taken? * How do the atoms communicate with each other? Considering the above questions, it is obviously an illogical deduction to say that all of the trillions of atoms forming the brain are directors. So, can it be correct to think that only one of these trillions of atoms is the director and the others are its followers? If we believe a single atom to be the director, then the questions that come to the mind are: * Which atom is the director and who elected this atom? * Where in the brain is this atom? * What is the difference of this atom from the others? * Why do the other atoms obey this atom unconditionally? Before answering these questions, let us state one more thing: the supposed director atom is also made up of other particles. Why and under what pretext do these particles come together to form this director atom? Who controls these particles? Since there is another will directing these particles, how right would it be to defend that this atom is the director? At this point, the claim that one of the atoms forming our brain may be the director atom is inevitably disproved. How do the countless number of atoms in the universe continue their existence in full harmony, while people, animals, plants, earth, air, water, objects, planets, space, and everything else are made of atoms? Which one of these countless atoms can be the director when it itself is made up of many sub-particles? To make such a claim or to attribute everything to chance and to deny the being of Allah, Who created all the worlds, is only "rejecting those signs in iniquity and arrogance in spite of their own certainty about them." (Surat an-Naml: 14) Just think: a human being, who is made up of the arrangement of atoms in various combinations, is born, is fed with atoms and grows up with atoms. He then reads books made of atoms in a building made of atoms. Later, he receives a diploma composed of atoms that says "nuclear engineer" on it. Yet, he can still come and deliver speeches such as "these atoms have come together as a result of sheer coincidence, and the extraordinary system within them has formed by chance". If this is so, where does he derive the consciousness, will and intelligence to deliver this speech? In almost every page of this book, we saw repeatedly that it is impossible for the atom making up every animate or inanimate thing in the universe, to be itself formed by chance. What we will say to those who, despite all we have told, still think that this phenomenon has come about by "chance" or taken its present form through the mechanism of "trial and error" will be no different from what the prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, said to the disbelievers: What about the one who argued with Ibrahim about his Lord, on the basis that Allah had given him sovereignty? Ibrahim said, 'My Lord is He who gives life and causes to die.' He said, 'I too give life and cause to die.' Ibrahim said, 'Allah makes the sun come from the East. Make it come from the West.' And the disbeliever was dumbfounded. Allah does not guide wrongdoing people. (Surat al-Baqara: 258) They said 'Glory be to You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.'(Surat al-Baqara: 32) taken from http://www.scienceandquran.com/index.htm
Kmguru, a common enemy unites all...? I think that we should be working together to prove that an iron core is a major factor in the magnetic field.
It is. However There are other materials that also have magnetic properties. When you think of magnetic materials, you probably think of iron, nickel or magnetite. Unlike paramagnetic materials, the atomic moments in these materials exhibit very strong interactions. These interactions are produced by electronic exchange forces and result in a parallel or antiparallel alignment of atomic moments. Exchange forces are very large, equivalent to a field on the order of 1000 Tesla, or approximately a 100 million times the strength of the earth's field. (http://www.irm.umn.edu/hg2m/hg2m_b/hg2m_b.html) Magnetic effects are sensitive to temperature. It is much easier to keep permanent magnets magnetized at low temperatures, because at higher temperatures the atoms tend to move around much more, throwing the spins out of alignment. Above a critical temperature known as the Curie temperature, ferromagnets lose their ferromagnetic properties. I am not sure if Dwayne claimes that the core is gaseous that is metalic hydrogen...but whatever it may be, at 3.5 million Atm and 11,000 F, the core is a strange place. It does act magnetic to generate Earth's magnetic field. However that could be due to a whole different element down there where atoms are lined up to produce that field. The field must be enormous to have the effect it has so many miles from the core with Fe, Co, Ni etc covering at the crust. So, we should dig a little deeper as to what is going on....
So true but currently funding for experiments in fundamental physics experiments is being cut so I doubt it will happen any time soon. There was a piece in a recent new scientist on the funds issue. Barry
Would it have value in knowing how Earth's Magnetic field is formed or what is exactly at the center? I would rather spend on developing a theory as to how to compress space. If you have any ideas, I think I can get some grants....
I wonder if solar rays has an influence on Earth's magnetic field and how much.... Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image! Figure 11 Solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. The amplitude of magnetic disturbances is larger at high latitudes because of the presence of the oval bands of enhanced currents around each geomagnetic pole called auroral electrojets. Some charged particles get trapped at the boundary of the magnetosphere and, in the polar regions, are accelerated along the magnetic field lines towards the atmosphere and finally colliding with oxygen and nitrogen molecules. These collisions result in sometimes spectacular emissions of mainly red and green light known as aurora borealis at northern latitudes and aurora australis at southern latitudes. The prevailing conditions in the solar-terrestrial environment which are a consequence of the emission of charged particles from the Sun and their interaction with the Earth's magnetic field, is called space weather. There is presently some considerable interest in forecasting space weather and data from satellites observing the Sun and the solar wind are extremely valuable for this. Although irregular, magnetic disturbances exhibit some patterns in their frequency of occurence. The main pattern is the correlation with the 11-year solar cycle and Figure 9 shows the number of magnetic storms per year, from 1868 to present and the corresponding number of sunspots. Another important pattern is the 27-day recurrence of some storms related to the 27-day rotation of the Sun as seen from Earth. Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image! Figure 12 The annual number of magnetic storms is represented by each bar of the histogram. Superimposed is the smoothed sunspot number. The dashed lines indicate solar minima and the dotted lines indicate solar maxima. Note the correlation of magnetic activity with solar activity and the apparent increase in magnetic activity with time. http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/earthmag.html#_Toc2075560
Well to awnser a few questions, First what I think tresbien is refereing to is the conditions that determine the structure of the atom, and in end result the composition of the earth. and his interests and questions are vaild in thier search as the formulas awnsers and give definition to those types of questions. Qunatic sesmic sounding give different constitutions for various regions of the internal earth structure, as well density readings. How the oreintation of the earths chemical composition exist at different depths is left open to many theories, or concepts. as i have said before in earlier post. The layers/strata within the earth are predominated by a given periodic atomic element, after understanding that their is the gravity,chemical properties ect... that cause what ever given changes one might care to assume in thier theroy. For example a given atom will change its behavior in the normailzation layer/strata of another atom. So how the world has sifted over the last 50,000 years is your guess. For example it may be a lucky occurance that the surface of the earth is SiO4, as the Abundance of silicon on the earth is not enough to consitute the surface crust ( a estimated determination has been 12 to 15 miles and as deep as 60 miles for earths crust) a homogenous crust would require 11,657,279,430 cubic miles. the only atomic elements that can meet that requirement is aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and boron if you can find a way to sift those atomic elements form their points of normalization you would have a different crust. The rest of the atomic elements of the periodic chart could not form a homogenous crust and would have to be a composite chemical to form a crust, for example it is twice more likly that Calcium and Clorine would form the earths surface than Silicon, and three times more likly that Phosphous would form the earths surface, and eqaully likly that Vanadium, Titanium and Chromium would form the earths surface layer as Silicon does now. So if you think that the earth has had magnetic pole reversals in the past the surface of the earth could at any time in the past during one of those magnetic reversals been different than our current chemical composition of the surface. Lastly there exist evidence of strata and layers from the surface of the earth to the center of the earth, and at just about every geological dig, just look at the rings of saturn. Kmguru I have to face the fact that gravity is reversed at the center of the earth, pulling and compressing atomic elements towards the earths surface, in end leaving a hallow that must be atmosphereic in condition if anything exist in the absolute center, assumablly it is a combination lithium, hydrogen, helium,and beryllium as a gas or liquid, possibly haveing amorphous qualties. Fact remians that lithium hydride is what is used in longlife batteries and rechargeable batteries so there are probally large bolts of lightening. Given the composition of the earths center regions it appears that the a good portion of the center of the earth may be boron carbide, which is a bullet proof material, as well diamond is likly to exist as a structual componet of the earths core. I would agree as well Kmguru it reamins a interest the effect of the sun on earths magnetic feild, could the influences of the suns magnetic pole reversal trigger a magnetic pole reversal on earth, the awnser i think is yes, the earth is intametly involved with the sun. the current upcomming solar reversal could in end cause the earths magnetic pole to reverse in 2012/2011 the predicted time of the solar reversal. DwayneD.L.Rabon
Two items of interest. The gravity of the Earth at the center could be reverse only if the center is hollow. To be hollow, there has to be sometype of explosion during the formation of the planet. Otherwise, it would be difficult to form a solid sphere around an empty area. The other is, I think the solar corona discharge and high energy particles touch Earth in a loop formation and interact with the Earth's atmosphere thus inducing a current through the center which in turn causes the EMF of the planet. It is just a speculation, and I have not worked out the physics of it. Anyone care to work on it could get a nobel prize if that is infact the case.
Well i would have to say that the gravity is reversed regardless of a hollow/vaccum at the center of the earth. gravity starts to reverse at approximatly 1,190 miles from the earths surface. and ends being completely reversed at 1,981 miles from the surface. The below list is a adjustment, showing the composition of the earth to the silicon layer. Be 375 B 1,338 C 1,545 N 296 O 118 F 24 Ne 66 Na 29 Mg 32 Al 99 Si 2 In this list we can you can where the gravity of the earth is completely reversed in the interior earth. Be 375 B 1,338 C 269 ------------------- Point of complete gravitional reversal C 1,276 N 296 O 118 F 24 Ne 66 Na 29 Mg 32 Al 99 Si 2 In this list below you can see where the start of the gravitional reversal Be 375 B 1,338 C 1,060 ------------------ Point of the start of gravitional reversal C 485 N 296 O 118 F 24 Ne 66 Na 29 Mg 32 Al 99 Si 2 The entire reversal of gravity within the earth occurs within the Carbon Layer, how exactly the magnetic feild is generated in the carbon layer is interesting but it seems that Carbon is the source of the magnetic feild. C269 C791 miles- Region of Gravitional Reversal C485 Of the total 1,545 miles of the carbon layer 791 miles is the region of gravitional reversal, which is just about half of the thicknes of the layer. Certainly the magnetic feild at the center of the earth is effected by the dailly fluxuations of the sun. Given the diagram of solar change do you think that this could be due to a increase in solar density, with each magnetic pole reversal. DwayneD.L.Rabon
Km, I really don't know, I'd have to read up on it a bit. My limited understanding was that the EMF field was deflecting these solar discharges not being made from it but your theory sounds very plausible so I will read up on it and give you my opinion. I still feel that the dynamo effect is a crucial aspect to all this though. Barry
1. What is the mechanism to have a gravity reversal? 2. Since solar activity influences the magnetism of the Earth, I think, the Earth magnetism also changes depending on how far or near the earth is from the Sun. I could not find the annual data from daily fluctuations. If that is correct then my theory would be correct, if not we have to look elesewhere. 3. My idea does not replace dynamo effect, it enhances. As the molten fluids also rotate or otherwise move around, the conducting properties change. So, as the current flows from the magnetic North Pole to South Pole, they move around the Earth (outside the core) which acts as a electromagnet thus producing the magnetic field. And when the Sun's high energy Solar rays change its polarity, the induced currents through Earth change their polarity thus switching the poles. We have to just prove it from the daily magnetic variation data over one year.
Well Kmguru, The reversal of gravity is not quite the same as a magnetic pole reversal to say, the best way i think to exsplain it in a observable example is to look at two people standing on the world, each person is standing on opposites sides of the earth, as can be seen the gravity is pulling them both in the same direction torwards the center. because of this fact wee see that as a law gravity opposes itself. ( like charges repell). Yes i would say that it seems that how close we are too the sun effects are magnetic feild, mainly by determing the motion of the earth, the sun can build are magnetic feild or shut it down over scales of time. The current increased motion of the earths magnetic field is a indicator that the earth is near the point of a magnetic pole reversal. I can say that i agree with molten flow influnce in creating a magnetic feild.. as you should be able to tell i pretty much see the mantel as being composed of Carbon, and the chemical reactions of carbon, carbon has various chemical properites including that of a insulator. DwayneD.L.Rabon
