View Full Version : Infinate and Eternal Universe theory
:idea:http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=nl3Uj2UJjPA&feature=related
The biggest flaw of the Bing bang theory is that something came from nothing. Any scientist should know that this is not possible.
The current theory out of nothingness come everything has to be wrong and is biblical and magical thinking.
The standard model is that there are 4 dimensions, 3 of space and 1 of time. The Doppler effect is not a measurement of time but a measurement of objects in space moving away or moving towards the observer. Time is relative to the observer, time is not distance and distance is not time. Both time and distance are relative, so the concept of the universe only being 13 billion years young is only relative to us at this moment of time. Red shifts and blue shifts are dependant on the observer, so you have to take into account the relative motion of earth in our solar system and the effects of our movement in the Milky Way. Not only that but the movements of faraway galaxies, which could at some point in time change from red shift to blue shift or visa versa relative to there movements to some unknown orbit.
Consider for example Galaxy STIS 123,627 named Sharon; it has changed from a red shift and become blue shifted. It is the most distanced galaxy to be discovered and was considered to be 12.5 Billion light years away. Because of this light shift its now estimated to be between 9-12 billion light years away. A variable range of 3 billion light years. Scientists are forced to admit that their estimates are gross approximations. So Galaxies further away from earth used as evidence for time and distance become increasingly unreliable.
Indeed what goes around comes around. The claim the universe is 13 billion years old is inaccurate. Red shifts and the speed of light are variable and are affected by numerous factors. Red shift is estimates of distance and tell us nothing of time. The use of hubbles law, hubbles constant and the use of light gives inaccurate predictions and give fantastic claims to a big bang.
Light is not time. It is affected by many things such as galaxies and black holes. Space is mostly empty, but filled with gravitational fields. It makes sense that light losses energy from distance galaxies and is red shifted. The Shapiro effect on EM waves shows they are slowed down as they pass though a gravitational field. Also EM waves could loose energy when going though the coldest regions of space. Light can be slowed or sped up, bend, curve, and twist and can even be sucked up entirely by a black hole.
In fact Black holes appear to play a central role in the formation and maintenance of many galaxies and may be essential for galaxy formation. The size of the black hole is highly related to the cluster or stars and gases that spiral around the black hole in the centre of galaxies. The spiralling spinning motion of a galaxy is due to the sucking power of the gravity created by the central black hole. The Black holes suck up its earliest victims of energy and matter that comes near it, such as stars, gasses and even light. It then spew it out in a steady stream, reminiscent of biological processes of consumption, digestion and rebirth.
Since black holes appear to consume the oldest stars in its grip, the light emitted from theses stars may be altered slowed and trapped which would never even reach the earth. Any measurements of time based on the speed of light and red shifts would theoretically be unreliable. Not all space is the same and many forces affect Light, including gravity and even dark matter. Light can slow down and speed up, bend, twist, curve and can split apart creating galactic illusions which is displaced in space.
http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://cheops1.uchicago.edu/esheldon/A2218/images/A2218NewWFPC2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cheops1.uchicago.edu/esheldon/A2218/abell2218.html&h=2401&w=3001&sz=476&hl=en&start=2&usg=__IAQJdmHxXXoXc5Z6oGrE2E3ZNEY=&tbnid=z5ra4IpFCrWUiM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dabell%2B2218%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
One phenomenon known as gravitational lennsing, space and light can be twisted, curved, magnified and displaced by the combined gravitational pull of nearby galaxies. So for example a cluster of stars or galaxies behind a closer galaxy could appear to be nearby or adjacent to it but may instead be billions of light years away. In 2003 the hubble telescope pointed at galaxy Abell 2218 which was acting like a fun house mirror that was distorting light from an even more distant cluster of galaxies. It was found that at least 5 of the galaxies believed to be part of the cluster of galaxy Abell 2218 were in fact optical illusions. The true location of these galaxies is completely unknown.
Light is also effected by the mysterious dark matter that doesn’t emit of reflect light. And the concept of dark matter was even introduced to account for the big bang to account for the spin and holding galaxies from flying apart. Dark matter is also believed to affect the speed and trajectory of light and is thought to play a role in gravitational lensing. Dark matter can only be inferred indirectly and is thought to be matter that should exist and considered to be heavy neutrinos, elementary particles and clouds of non-luminous gas. Dark matter is believed to account for 80% of the missing universe.
The galaxies form in clumps that defy the predictions of the big bang. It is believed that an invisible repulsive force is responsible for the speeding up of the expansion of the universe and that force is dark energy. Which is picking and choosing to predict the unlikely out come of the big bang that may never have happened. Scientist are creating more convoluted theories to account for the big bang with more contradictory theories in order to preserve their theories of the big bang and possibly to keep priests and god theorist happy. In truth these are speculative flights of fantasy.
In fact not only is the universe behaving in a manor that contradicts the big bang but there are rivers of galaxies flowing in directions that are incompatible the uniform of speed and movement that would be expected if given the big bang was true. For example Stephens Quartet consists of 5 separate galaxies that are crashing into each other from every direction. Colliding galaxies are common events though out the cosmos and represent a natural process when galaxies come together, interact and reproduce.
Spiral galaxy C153 is flying though a cluster of galaxies at a speed of 3000 miles per second. The Gasses of this galaxy are also being blown away by galactic wind creating the fuel for the formation and birth of new stars.
Small Galaxies slam in to larger galaxies. Large galaxies crash into even larger galaxies from every direction. The universe is full of wreckages of galaxies going the wrong way and crashing head on. M82 for example slammed into a much larger galaxy M81 billions of years ago, which stripped the galaxy and shrinking greatly in size. How ever this intergalactic matting ritual gave birth to millions of new stars. In fact parent galaxies swallow there own children there by creating super galaxies.
What this tells us is the universe mimics or similarly reflects the biological processes of reproduction and is a natural phenomenon. Indeed new galaxies and stars are often formed in a violent process that can be likened to a matting ritual involving impregnation, fertilization and birth. A cosmic ballet.
We are told that light from distance galaxies are proof that the universe was created 13 billion years ago in the mythical big bang. How ever we should ask 13 billion light years from what? Relative to what? From where the earth is now? Which is ridiculous. The universe simply ends 13 billion light years away? At the centre of this universe is our Milky Way galaxy and the earth? This is not unlike the belief the earth was flat in centuries past and similar thinking to all objects in space orbited the earth.
The observable universe is limited by the capabilities of the telescopes employed. There visual circle comes to the end at 13 billion years away and the stars out side the circle of this visual field can not be seen. Modern day telescopes are incapable of detecting there light. Never the less knowing this people still cling to the belief that this is the end of the universe. What is beyond the range of the telescopes…Nothingness? Modern day science tells us the edge of the universe is the beginning of the big bang but forget to realize that our field of view my not be capable of detecting even further away light than 13 billion years ago or have been given insignificant time to detect farther away galaxies.
There is no edge; there was no big bang. In fact when the Hubble is allowed extensive viewing time into a seeming empty patch of sky thus collecting more and faraway distant light, more and more galaxies are detected. There are galaxies and more galaxies as far as the Hubble eye can see, the evidence indicates the stars and galaxies continue outward for ever into all eternity. Instead when humbles deep field was allowed to stare for approximately 280 hours, it resulted in not the very beginning and edge of the universe but over 10,000 new galaxies existed where non should exist according to big bang theory. As long as it stared more and more galaxies are found.
The Earth is not centre of the universe. Where ever we look there are galaxies and galaxies giving birth to galaxies. There are stares with old planets and stars giving birth to new planets. Cosmic events that do not require a big bang to explain their origin.
http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~flack/images/milkyway.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~flack/&h=653&w=418&sz=93&hl=en&start=16&usg=__t52A0EzDV9F3tPvh4Fr-IRye3x4=&tbnid=UNpbgEJ2yXGBXM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmilkyway%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
Novas and nebular are remnants of old stars which are giving birth to 100s if not 10s of thoughsands of new stars, stars die in order to give birth. Some burning out and fading away others explode with a force of a hundred billion nuclear bombs. When stars erupt they expel masses of debris giving rise to majestic sculptures of light. Planetary nebular, which in turn become breading grounds for new stars. Stars such as our own red sun have life cycles that may live and die. Some become red giants, some become white dwarves and some explode. When stars explode they seed the cosmos with elements necessary to give birth to new stars as well as elements and materials that will eventually form new planets.
With assistance of earth and space based telescopes such as the Spitser (sp), the Chandera (sp) X-ray observatory and the Hubble. Astronomers are able to analyse a variety of pictures in invisible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light. They can place together complex pictures of objects in space including: Capulous (sp) Nova, which is located in the constellation Aquarius. It is large enough and close enough to the earth to be seen by binoculars. The helix has a bubble like appearance, yet it is not a bubble but consist of membranous fallopian double tube like cylinders. They have finger like protrusions on the inner ring that extend and point back to the central star. Upon closer observation, these protrusions contain a sperm like head and tail which streams away from the central star. Reminiscent of biological processes of reproduction. It is possible these cosmic knots could form solar systems or giving birth to many a galaxy. Each of these sperm like bodies are several sizes larger than our own solar system. In 2002 in order for Hubble to protect its reflective mirror, it spun around from am incoming meteor shower. It Pointed at the Capulous(sp) Nova composing detailed a mosaic of the helix combined with images take b the national science foundations telescope. It appears that almost half the ejaculated material from the central dying star remains trapped within a membrane like outer bubble. However this is a two-step process involving first an explosive shock followed by the ejaculatory release of massive amounts of radiation, which rains outwards.
Nebular come in all shapes and sizes, rings doughnuts and spidery webs of debris. A common pattern has not been assigned, all are rather unique and incredibly complex in configuration and omit multi wavelengths of light. This suggests that each one was uniquely formed and acts in different ways. Never the less there is no need to introduce a big bang or origin of the universe to explain their existence. Nebula believed to be the remanence of sun like stars, which prior to death where much like our own sun and planetary systems. When theses stars die they eject there outer envelope and the remaining core of the star becomes a white dwarf. Thus the hot central core is a bubble of expanding gas and debris half of which becomes trapped inside and may well become a protective cocoon, which contains and shields the new stars as they are born and develop.
http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/m17_wp.gif&imgrefurl=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960829.html&h=356&w=542&sz=167&hl=en&start=4&usg=__HqIJOjUERW91pMtJRGeilkOVMJI=&tbnid=Psblf9sVjeWMSM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3DM17%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
M17 is a star forming nebula which is giving birth to 10s of thoughsands of stars in there infancy. Many of which are born from the shock waves from yet other stars that have died and ejaculated their outer envelopes of gasses and essential elements.
http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://virtualfieldtrip.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl/orionNebula.jpg&imgrefurl=http://virtualfieldtrip.jpl.nasa.gov/smmk/jpl/orionNebula&h=1200&w=644&sz=231&hl=en&start=9&usg=__8obsZC_7mcqpOMjtCDOg28biJRU=&tbnid=Mi0GITtc6F7mDM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dorion%2Bnebula%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
With in the Orion nebula 100s of new stars are forming and growing. Beginning as dusty discs. The ejector from the parent star fertilizes their creations with huge jets of gas and debris which come from the core. Orion’s central star is also ejaculating massive amounts of gas and debris which appears to be fertilizing adjacent stars and what appears to be dozens of solar systems forming around baby stars, some ringed with dust and debris and others already ringed with planets. Stars often form in great clouds of cosmic dust and gas, planets are believed to be formed from the debris surrounding them. In fact with in these discs gasses jell together and maybe forming giant gas planets like Jupiter. At the same time hard and rocky debris appear to collect together and form smaller planets like the earth. Thus galaxies like our own and stars like our own appear to be giving rise to new solar systems which likely harbour complex life. Much like the living creatures we find on planet Earth. Stars and galaxies continually interact to give birth to new stars. Galaxies give rise to new galaxies and stars generate new stars in a process that is also reminiscent of biological processes including pollination and ejaculation.
The entire process appears to be highly organised ad follows a logical stepwise progression. There is nothing random about the generation of stars and planets. Like wise galaxy formation occurs in a logical progression. Stars are born and die and the stuff of stars are continually recycled to create new stars and planets. There is no need to introduce a big bang to explain their creation and existence. Indeed the process of star birth, star death and star regeneration has probably been ongoing for all eternity.
The big bang is a myth; the age of the universe is unknown. The universe has likely no beginning and it has no end.
OilIsMastery
11-10-08, 06:38 AM
The biggest flaw of the Bing bang theory is that something came from nothing. Any scientist should know that this is not possible.
A singularity is not "nothingness" so that should dispel your religious rejection of Big Bang theory.
There are valid reasons to doubt Big Bang theory, however the argument that something came from nothing is not one of them.
Singularities are ultimately stable, IF they exist, which is unlikely. They do not inflate or expand.
Well over 99% of the universe is a non-directional gravitational field. Light travelling through it is naturally red-shifted, so a measure of distance, not velocity.
quantum_wave
11-11-08, 10:37 AM
Harro, true to form you again come up with interesting alternatives. The video link is about an hour long and I may get time to view it but ... in the first 2:45 minutes there arises a presentational problem. It expresses disbelief that the Big Bang could have any credibility on the basis that it claims that Big Bang Theory says everything came from nothing.
That impression is not uncommon and I was once there myself. But Big Bang Theory only claims that inflation and expansion of the universe characterized the first picoseconds of what we call the event. It implies a Big Bang but says nothing about a big bang or precondtions. General relativity, which is the essentials of Big Bang theory, and the Cosmological Principle of homogeneity and isotropy on a grand scale, along with the theory of inflation combine to describe BBT. Anything about the cause, source, or precondtions of BBT are not part of the theory.
I'm sure when I view the rest of the video link and read through your post in detail I will agree with a great deal of it, but I just wanted to let you know that I consider the initial two or three minutes of the video as setting up a strawman in the form of the physical beginning out of nothing. Not that there is anything wrong with a strawman if it conveys the route to a legitimate perspective :), but BBT doesn't claim to know the origin of the universe.
As you know from our past exchanges that I agree that the universe has alway existed. Though there are some (probably fewer and fewer as time goes on) reputable scientists that believe in something from nothing, not many will actually say that.
quantum_wave
11-11-08, 10:57 AM
After my last post I viewed the next few minutes of the video, through 5:30. The "something from nothing" is followed by the idea that everything came from pure energy and asks the question, "Where did the energy come from?" It says that scientists (a vague classification of people who consider the Big Bang as a religion, sort of) say that energy is God and that this God energy was self causeing.
Everyone I have talked with about the origin of the universe knows that there is a factor of infinite regression when you try to backtrack to the first cause. The conclusion, and after the first five minutes of the video, the idea must be that the universe has alway existed.
That is fine, but protraying the great work of science as being the same as dull ideas about origins and theology doesn't do justice to science. The role of science is to investigate what we observe and give the best possible explanations. No one can explain the origin factually and no one can explain God or the role God plays in the universe factually. There is a point where each individual who cares about it makes a decision as to what they believe. That decision is not scientific. Only getting to the decision point can be scientific.
Stryder
11-11-08, 12:06 PM
The usual theories that I've heard is that the Universe is "Cyclic" and the beginning of the universe occurs sometime in our future. This of course doesn't mean we go full circle, far from it, we have a habit of tangenting. I guess you'd have to assign the Grandfather paradox to the creation of the universe and imagine a laboratory of people standing there watching the universes inception blow by blow.
Vkothii
11-11-08, 04:43 PM
There's a simple way to see the relation between stability and cycles, how something can change but not 'stretch', as it were, or equivalently it can stretch and still stay in a stable cycle.
It's a torsion pendulum moving in a circular/elliptical orbit, then moving in a linear cycle - the SHM you see shows how the two things are like measuring a sort of linear/nonlinear 'universal' process. I mean, a pendulum measures inertia, right? It processes a locally flat gravitational potential - it works the same way even if the room is moving, or it's in an accelerating frame, like a train or a plane, say.
First off, I should apologise. It is not my intention to bring religion into a scientific debate and I also edited out the term “temple priests of science”. I believe the narrator brings up the scandalous issues to bring drama into his video, possibly to grab the audiences attention. So with some wit and humour we can all have a bit of a laugh with the term Temple priests of science.
How ever as with any humour there is some meaning behind it, which is to draw your attention to how beliefs can shape evidence. For example it is possible for scientific evidence to be subject to interpretation by a previous belief. Though we should leave this discussion for another thread.
The point of me bringing to your attention this video is to discuss the evidence presented in support for an Infinite and Eternal Universe theory and the flaws in Big Bang theory.
The points brought up in the video I’d like to discuss:
1. How are light waves or EM waves affected when travelling though the vast distances of the universe?
Space is not a perfect flat volume of space and energy and mass affect the lights energy and trajectory though space particularly in areas of high gravity.
Black holes, being the most massive/dense volumes of space, suck up the oldest mass and energy. There by meaning that there is loss of information from the oldest of galaxies, stars and star light. However the energy is not lost it is radiated outward in a steady stream 90 degrees from the orbiting and in coming mass and light. Natures recycling plant thus preserving the Law of Thermal dynamics where energy is neither created nor destroyed. How can we then infer the universe is only 13 billion years old?
At the other end of the spectrum are places that are near void of energy and mass. Could these coldest regions of space cause light energy to loose some of its energy over vast distances thus causing a red shift?
If light left a star 10 billion years ago at 10 billion light years away would it travel in a direct strait line to the Earth? Is it possible that gravity distorts the light to bend, twist, magnify, split and there by red shifting the lights energy and travelling approximately 11-13 Billion Light years of real distance?
Perhaps the same light emitted 10 billion years ago could not all arrive to the observer at the same time, some arrives now, some arrive in the next few million years?
2. Interpreting the field of view and use of current Telescopes.
If we had a telescope 5 billion light years away from Earth, would it still see in all directions 13 billion light years away in all directions? The video suggests yes, BBT suggests after looking 13-5=8 billion light years in the direction of the so-called edge of the universe you’ll look into nothingness. Which is why the narrator of the video brings up the religious view of the Earth being the centre of the universe and stating this is not true.
Also noted was when the Hubble is given sufficient time to look into seemingly empty space, more and more light from far away stars and galaxies where observed.
StrangerInAStrangeLa
11-12-08, 06:39 AM
The last I knew, the usual science claim is that no matter where 1 is in the universe, it will seem to be the center with all other galaxy groups speeding away in all directions. Which is absurd unless beyond the edge of what we can see there is much more.
1111
EndLightEnd
11-12-08, 10:02 AM
If you want to debunk Big Bang theory, find an alternative explanation for the CMB radiation.
The last I knew, the usual science claim is that no matter where 1 is in the universe, it will seem to be the center with all other galaxy groups speeding away in all directions. Which is absurd unless beyond the edge of what we can see there is much more.
1111
Its not absurd... if you want, draw many evenly spaced dots on a balloon, and say each is 1mm apart.
Begins like this:
.....
when you blow it up, it looks like:
. . . . .
The first dot is in the same place... the second dot has moved 1mm farther away from dot1... the 3rd dot has moved 2mm away from dot1... and the 4th dot has moved 4mm away from dot1
They each move at the same rate away from each other, but the farther-away dots seem to move at a faster rate... now just imagine this in 3-d form and you go it
If you want to debunk Big Bang theory, find an alternative explanation for the CMB radiation.
How does CMB radiation suport a bigbang?
2.725degress above absolute zero is the tempurature of CMB and is very uniform in all dirrections. Perhaps one could infer that The CMB is fairly uniform in an infinate universe. Also note there are areas in the universe ,large patches of space colder than 2.725 degrees.
I'll see if I can find a link or reference, I know it was mentioned in the video as areas that light would loose some energy, thus again redshifting the light.
Also there are many places in space where the temperature is much much hotter than 2.725degrees Kelven, our sun is one of billion and billion and trillions of them.
Black holes would suck up the oldest of galaxies, stars and star light, it is more than plausable that mass and energy from less than and over 13 billion years would be sucked up. It has been observed that black holes spew out energy and debris.
http://regmedia.co.uk/2006/12/08/blackhole_image.jpg
If BB was true, where is the centre of the universe?
IF BB was true and the so called outer limits of the universe was the centre of the universe 13 billion years ago why are we recieving light from them now if the earth is now the center of the universe or neer it? Think about it.
Imagine light emitted from galaxy STIS 123,627 about 9-13 billion years ago, which according to the BBT is only 1 to 5 billion years after the BB thus would only be 1 to 5 billion light years away from the so called centre of the BB. How did this magical light emitted 9-13 billion years ago reach earth NOW, did the light wait around or spiral the centre of the BB to only travel a few light years to where the earth is NOW at neer the centre of the so called BB?
If BB is true, whats at the edge of the universe? Nothng? You know once apon atime people thought the earth was flat and it was as far as could be observed, beyond that limmit was the edge of the earth like a cliff, nothing, an abiss. Sound familliar to BB?
If the universe is expanding like the surface of a balloon structure where is the void or middle of the balloon?
You know why the furtherest galaxies appear to be more red shifted?
BB theorist get confused and have to make up explainations like the universe is accelerating in its expansion. While wouldnt it be more plausable that its slowing down, if the outer universe looks to be accelerating in expansion, thats light from 9 -13 billion years ago and its more red shifted becasue the universe was expanding faster 9-13 billion years ago. Either way I dont buy it.
Wouldnt the most logical explanation be, when light travels billions and billions of years it looses energy, there by streching the light waves, there by red shifting. Wouldnt it be more logical that nothing can travel in a strait line in space with out its trajectory being pushed and pulled by gravitational forces, tuhus traveling a further distance and being more red shifted the further away the object is?
Locally Light might be very usfull for calulations and appear invariant in a vacuum, but let that light travel though space full of matter, gavity, and energy dont you think light will be affected in any way?
quantum_wave
11-14-08, 10:55 AM
I've finally read the whole thread :). I haven't viewed the whole video. Correct me if I am wrong but I am of the impression that the content of the video is encompassed in your posts. If not let me know and I will view the rest of it.
I'm tempted to address some of the interesting points individually and maybe will do so later but first let me test my understanding.
The point of me bringing to your attention this video is to discuss the evidence presented in support for an Infinite and Eternal Universe theory and the flaws in Big Bang theory.This video is one of a series of videos from BrainMind.com. A quick visit to their site yields a list of videos focusing on the "God and the Myth of the Big Bang" video and the content of your original post, so let's start there.
Does your support for an Infinite and Eternal Universe (IEU) come from the video or does the video support your Infinite and Eternal Universe theory. If it is the latter then are you drawn to the IEU because of the difficulties you have with BBT or do you see the ideas of the IEU to be reasonable and responsible enough to beg the question, "who needs the Big Bang"?
quantum_wave
11-14-08, 11:35 AM
I know you haven't had time to answer my question but I want to push on so that you can address something else at the same time.
Olbers’ Paradox (http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/123/lecture-5/olbers.html) is often discussed in the context of a steady state universe. But an infinite and eternal universe has to address it as well.
Over time the solution has included various ideas like the finite size of the universe, the finite life of stars and even galaxies, the shielding effect of stars in front of other stars or behind dust clouds, but all of these “solutions” fail for one reason or another. When the universe was considered static, a finite universe is a very specific solution to Olbers’ but there was no observable end to the universe and so even at that time they had to consider that the universe might not be finite at all.
The infinite life of stars and galaxies with an infinite time frame would eventually all be black and that conclusion was not preferred. The death and rebirth of stars was mainstream then (and now for that matter).
The shielding effect was debunked by the conclusion that the heat of stars would eventually heat up the shielding medium to incandescence and so the night sky should still be bright as day.
But the current solution to Olbers’ is considered to be the expansion of the universe. There are other aspects to the solution of course but an expanding universe is sufficient to solve the paradox IMHO.
Therefore, I have to ask you how Olbers’ is solved in the Infinite and Eternal Universe theory if the universe is not expanding.
hey QW, IM not sure if I understand Olbers Paradox.
As far as I can Imagine, is it asking the question, if the universe was not expanding then the night sky would be filled with light?
Could you explain it to me please?
quantum_wave
11-15-08, 08:42 AM
hey QW, IM not sure if I understand Olbers Paradox.
As far as I can Imagine, is it asking the question, if the universe was not expanding then the night sky would be filled with light?
Could you explain it to me please?Sometimes when I insert a link in the text people miss it all together. This link is in the text of my recent post. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/123/lecture-5/olbers.html
Here is the conclusion of that particular site: There is a simple, seemingly trivial question one can ask -- Why is the night sky dark?
This question was originally posed many years ago by a series of people (Kepler, Halley ===> Jean de Cheseaux ===> Heinrich Olbers [1823]). The answer to this seemingly simple question is not trivial and tells us profound things about the Universe.
Assumptions:
the Universe is finite in size
the stars fill the Universe uniformly
each star has a luminosity L
the inverse square law holds, i.e., the flux of energy from a star (energy flow per second per unit area) is given by f = L / (4 pi D2 ). Here L is the intrinsic luminosity of the star and D is its distance from us.
Consider a shell of stars of thickness T and radius R.
How much light do we receive from this shell of stars?
Well, the flux of energy from one star is f = L / ( 4 pi R2 )
By insepction of the figure, if there are n stars per unit volume of the shell, then the total number of stars per shell is N = n x volume = n x 4 pi R2 x T
The total amount of flux we receive from the shell is then F = f x N = L x n x T ===> a pretty simple and interesting result.
The key point is that the amount of light we receive from the shell does not depend upon how far away the shell is. We receive the same amount of light from distant shells as we do from nearby shells. Hmmmmmm. So, if there are million such shells in the Universe, then we simply multiply the contribution of 1 shell by million to get the total amount of energy we receive from the Universe. Further, we should see this light at all times, even at night, since the shells completely surround us. This type of reasoning gave rise to Olbers's Paradox
Another View:
Another way to think about the problem is to compare the brightness of the nightsky to the brightness of the surface of the Sun. Just as obviously, we know that the surface of the Sun blazes away at a temperature of 5,800 Kelvin. The nightsky is substantially less bright. To see why this is a paradox consider the following:
A star (like the Sun) of radius R covers an area of size, A = pi R2. This is straightforward. The fraction of the surface area of a sphere of radius r covered by such a star is then fraction = f = pi R2 / (4 pi r2 ) = [R/2r]2.
The total fraction of the shell covered by all of the stars in the shell ===> fraction due to one star x total number of stars = [R/2r]2 x [ n x 4 pi r2 x T ] ===> fraction of the shell covered is ~ 5 x 10-16 x n x T
Here, I measured the stellar density n as the number of stars per cubic parsec and the thickness of the shell in parsecs. Recall that 1 parsec = 3.26 light years. These are convenient units because in our Galaxy, there is roughly 1 star per cubic parsec and the average separation between stars is on the order of 1 parsec.
The fraction of the shell blocked out by the stars in the shell does not depend upon the radius of the shell (how far away the shell lives) ===> Olbers's Paradox if the Universe is big enough.
Resolution of Olbers's Paradox
Okay, so what's the way out? Something must be wrong with one (or more) of the original assumptions, or some physics has not been considered. Possibilities:
obscuration by dust ===> distant stars are blocked out and appear fainter. Turns out this won't work because dust, if it absorbs energy will heat up and re-radiate the energy. This means that the Universe will still be filled with the same amount of radiation, the dust acts simply as a go-between so to speak.
Expansion of the Universe 1 ===> redshift of photons ===> W(observed) is larger than W(emitted) ===> we absorb lower energy photons than are produced by the distant stars.
Expansion of the Universe 2 ===> Imagine that the star (galaxy) produces 1 photon every second. If there is no relative motion between the star and us, then we will also see photons (energy) fly by at the same rate (===>same luminosity). However, if the star is moving away from us then we will see the photons fly by a slower rate than 1 per second. This means that the energy will arrive at the Earth at a slower rate ===> a lower luminosity.
The preceding effects conspire to make distant objects in an expanding universe have apparent brightnesses which fall off faster than the inverse square law. This decreases the contributions from distant shells. The expanding universe effects partially explain Olbers's Paradox.
One shell of stars covers a fraction = 5 x 10-16 x n x T of the sky. So, to make the night sky as bright as a star, we would like to make the stars cover most of the observable sky. This means that 5 x 10-16 x n x T x number of shells ~ 1.
To calculate the number of shells, we note that there is roughly 1 star per cubic parsec in our galaxy ===> average distance between stars in our Galaxy (shell thickness, T) is ~ 1 parsec (explain why).
===> number of shells ~ 1 / [ 5 x 10-16 ] ~ 2 x 1015
Because each shell is ~ 1 parsec thick ===> Universe needs to be at least 2 x 1015 parsecs in radius. Recall that 1 parsec = 3.3 light years and so the Universe must be at least 6.6 x 1015 light years in size in order to make the night sky as bright as the surface of the Sun.
The current Universe is ~13.7 billion years old and has an observable size of ~45 billion light years. This is much less than needed to produce Olbers's Paradox. The fact that the Universe has a finite age is the principal explanation of Olbers's Paradox.
It is interesting that in asking and answering the seemingly trivial question, "Why is the night sky dark?" one could have inferred that the Universe was expanding and that the Universe had a finite age (or at the least the stars and galaxies had finite ages). Olbers' is solved in QWC by the nature of the landscape of the greater universe and by the fact that the primary luminescent phase of each arena is during the arena expansion phase.
Each arena is dark until the point where light begins to shine within it as matter forms from the expanding dark energy. Entire arenas and their galaxies and stars have finite luminescent lives, but their remnants gather into dark big crunches. Those crunches are great distances apart. When they burst they expand into an aether filled emptiness left as the big crunch formed by sweeping in galactic remnants from played out arenas across vast reaches of space.
Beyond the local arena, the galactic remnants in all directions are being drawn away by the formation of other surrounding arenas and as those arenas form they go dark as they enter their big crunch. So in QWC, expansion and the finite life of stars and even the finite life of arenas makes the night sky dark.
In terms of the ideas of QWC, the average energy density of the greater universe is not high enough to cause arenas to be close enough together to cause active overlapping during their lighted phase.
Also, it is appropriate to refer to the universe as infinite and eternal in QWC, but the arena landscape of the greater universe is required to both defeat entropy and to solve Olbers'.
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Olbers’ paradox – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble's_constant
The expansion of space summarized by the Big Bang interpretation of Hubble's Law is relevant to the old conundrum known as Olbers' paradox: if the universe were infinite, static, and filled with a uniform distribution of stars (notice that this also requires an infinite number of stars), then every line of sight in the sky would end on a star, and the sky would be as bright as the surface of a star. However, the night sky is largely dark. Since the 1600s, astronomers and other thinkers have proposed many possible ways to resolve this paradox, but the currently accepted resolution depends in part upon the Big Bang theory and in part upon the Hubble expansion. In a universe that exists for a finite amount of time, only the light of finitely many stars has had a chance to reach us yet, and the paradox is resolved. Additionally, in an expanding universe distant objects recede from us, which causes the light emanating from them to be redshifted and diminished in brightness. Although both effects contribute, the redshift is the less important of the two; remember the original paradox was couched in terms of a static universe.
Assumptions:
the Universe is finite in size
the stars fill the Universe uniformly
It is interesting that in asking and answering the seemingly trivial question, "Why is the night sky dark?" one could have inferred that the Universe was expanding and that the Universe had a finite age (or at the least the stars and galaxies had finite ages).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Firstly an infinite and eternal universe is not static, it is constantly evolving and changing, the oldest light, stars and galaxies are eaten up by black holes. However energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Black holes spew out energy and debris 90 degrees from the spherical disc of incoming stars, dust and galaxies. Hawking’s radiation even suggests that if a black hole is starved of input it will in fact evaporate.
An infinite and eternal universe does in fact have finite qualities, stars and galaxies do in fact have finite ages, and is part of the evolving and changing nature of the universe.
An explanation for red shift is proportional to distance from the observer. Space in not a constant vacuum, it is full of energy and mass. How ever the vast majority that we consider to be empty space is about 2.7 degrees Kelvin, being the CMB. When we observe space at these wavelengths the night sky is considered bright and luminescent and remarkably uniform. So in fact the night sky in not “Dark” as Olbers’ paradox suggests.
The Shapiro effect is observational proof that light is effected by gravity and in fact slows down the speed of light as would be predicted if light did travelled in a constant unchanging vacuum of space.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro_effect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_redshift
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation
One can assume that the greater the distance light has to travel though the universe the greater the Shapiro effect would have on the lights wave length. Light there for over great distances is not constant and the greater the distances involved the more unreliable and inaccurate our predictions of a heavenly body’s location and distance from the observer can be calculated.
When the Hubble telescope is allowed sufficient time to observe a seemingly empty portion of space it has been observed star light and galaxies in fact fill the telescopes field of view. With wonderful new discoveries of stars and galaxies.
A notable point about the Law of evolution in relation to the universe is the universe is not static but is constantly evolving. The best way I can explain this is change is time. What exists today may not exist tomorrow and what doesn’t exist today might exist tomorrow. This is the process of creation via evolution. A constant cycle of evolution is the creation and destruction of defined entities. For example a star wasn’t always a star and a star will not always be a star. They are born, they live and then they die. There death gives birth to new stars and there life creates simple elements into higher complex elements. Nuclear reactions.
quantum_wave
11-15-08, 10:28 PM
Just to clarify, you added the comment in parentheses that the assumptions include an infinite number of stars. Are you saying there are a finite number of stars in the IEU?
To address the impact of the Shapiro delay, see this link. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PASA...13..236W
It seems to minimize the impact of the Shapiro delay saying, "Even in the case of a high velocity pulsar in the Galactic Plane, the stochastic Shapiro delay is typically expected not to have a substantial influence on the timing properties. In consequence the viability of a pulsar-based time standard is not adversely affected by gravitational lensing."
But I would be OK with an IEU if expansion is a misread of the evidence. Still I choose QWC over IEU since expansion is mainstream.
Tentativeness is always a factor in science and if expansion turns out to be superseded scientific theory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superseded_scientific_theory) then QWC simply fails to describe the landscape of the greater universe properly. At that time the IEU would be worth serous consideration and your preference would be confirmed over mine until some new cosmology becomes mainstream.
QWC does offer ideas about the cause of mass and gravity that would still operate under IEU theory as far as I can tell. The beauty of QWC is in the way energy density plays a role in both quantum action and big crunch/burst action; similar effects at two levels of order on the spectrum of scale.
However if expansion was replaced by the Infinite and Eternal Universe theory I would have to rethink the energy density thresholds that work nicely at both levels of order in QWC. I would gladly do that if expansion is superseded in my lifetime :).
I've finally read the whole thread :). I haven't viewed the whole video. Correct me if I am wrong but I am of the impression that the content of the video is encompassed in your posts. If not let me know and I will view the rest of it."?
Yes I virtually dictated the video but intentionally edited out and condenced its contents that deal with alarming attention grabbing controversy. I think science is great and I dont accept the term "temple priests of science". I think theories are an important part of our evolving knowledge in understanding the workings of nature.
The last half of the video is the best part. I really hope you do watch the whole video if you get the time. I found I needed to watch it twice to really understand it and it makes me want to learn and research current cosmology.
Does your support for an Infinite and Eternal Universe (IEU) come from the video or does the video support your Infinite and Eternal Universe theory. If it is the latter then are you drawn to the IEU because of the difficulties you have with BBT or do you see the ideas of the IEU to be reasonable and responsible enough to beg the question, "who needs the Big Bang"?
Yes, I already had the resonating view that the universe is Infinate and Eternal in my mind. However I watch alot of science documetaries and was convinced that the BBT was true, but now I must question my beliefs again.
How ever an Infinate and eternal universe does not suport the view the universe is static but on the contray it is Constantly evolving and its processes are not unlike that of biological processes when you analize how energy and matter interact. A Birth, reproduction and death cyclical process.
Very much like QWC theory but the scales of the events are much smaller scale than partrayed in QWC, where black holes are the crunch/bang, contracting arenas. In fact according to Nassim Haramein there is the possibility of scale dependant "bangs" to to speek.
With in the infinate and eternal universe is the Law of scale which is observer dependant. We observe that stars and galaxies are finite within an infinate system where energy is not created nor destroyed but evolving where by systems are constantly changing form. In essence constantly creating new forms into observable existance. We humans as the observer can define somethings existance as finite but given enough time even the existance of what is observed will not exist for ever in its current form. Simply stated things radiate, merge, combine, evaporate and change forms into new existance.
Science is already starting to discover the important roll Black holes play in the universe. If we apply BBT to black holes we could find they suck up the oldest of star light and star matter, this information is lost to the observer but it is not lost to the universe, the energy is eventually released back into into space when it is expelled. It cools and condences forming new matter and paricles just like BBT. This is not the only roll Black holes play in the universe, they hold galaxies together. Massive gravitaional forces which relativley slow light and slow time. A massive store of energy is possesed by mass and gravity. Where by things radiate, merge, combine and massive galaxtic collisions occur and seed new stars and new galaxies.
We could conclude that when mass occupies too small a quantity of space, under the pressure and heat of its own density such as black holes all the stored energy mass possess is converted into massless energy and thus spewed out. This massless energy then fills the less dence vacuums of space, a property of the law of thermal dynamics, and as it has a cooling property apon the massless energy that then forms the building blocks of mass particles, a cycle, not unlike BBT.
How ever I believe an expanding universe is just an illusion of spacetime placed on the observer. Just as the uncertainty priciple is observed in quantum mechanics, we observe uncertainty on the universal scale. The greater the distance from the observers field of view the greater the uncertainty of a star lights origin and location in spacetime.
The greater the distance light travels in space the more it is dealing with warping forces because of energy, gravity and the obscuring properties of particles. For example Light emitted from a star 13 billion light years away would suffer a LOSS of information, the greater the distance the more uncertain one could be of the location of source of the light, its position and time it travelled to get to the earth (observer) becomes less certain.
We know that energy, which travels though a near vacuum, travels at C, the speed of light. How ever, how accurate is the so-called constant speed of light in the vast distances and forces of the universal scale? We know light can speed up, slow down, bend and even split. So all the constants in mathematics that use C in its equations would require the account for unreliability or uncertainty when dealing with the nature of space in the universe. Thus the complexity of accounting for such things increases by magnitude the greater the scale being applied.
For instance, instead of observing the apparent red shift of objects in space and conclude the universe is expanding. Perhaps we could define how much red shift has occurred and apply it to a mathematical correction equation to arrive at a more certain position of an objects place in space and time. The further away an object the more the apparent red shift could be inferred. How ever we could not be exactly certain of the objects direction of momentum because we need to include our own movement in orbiting the sun, which also orbits the milky way and conversely the observed objects own orbital trajectory can all alter the apparent blue and red shifting.
It is apparent the further light travels in space the more it appears to be red shifted. Again instead of concluding the universe is accelerating in expansion we could also assume that the further light travels in space the more it is subject to astronomical forces hence a greater red shift imparted on the light being observed.
We could state the earth is the centre of the universe, although in real life its not, but assume the observer is the centre. We can now draw a radius from this centre of observation and define a boundary within the infinite universe and apply maths to this finite system. It is apparent that, with our current telescope technology, about 13 Billion light years as the limit of our field of view. However it may be inaccurate up to 9 –14 billion years. That’s an error margin of around 1-5 billion light years of time and space, which is a huge uncertainty, not unlike the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. We could now scale down to half that, say draw a radius of 6 Billion light years. Although we are still working with a large error margin because of the huge numbers involved, we could say our error would be less than half that of 1-5billion to say 1-2 billion. But we can also observe out side of the 6 billion light year radius of our finite system if required.
Can you see what I’m getting at?
Experiment
Start small, observe all the stars at 10 light year radius, and find the statistical red shift of all light sources at that distance, find an average.
Then step up to 20 light years and again find the statistical red shift. Keep doing this in up to the limit of our telescopes field of view (say 10 billion Light years) and see if there is a statistical incremental increase of red shifting the further we observe.
If there is a correlation, greater distance in space equals greater red shift, could astronomical forces account this for this, instead of expansion of space proposed by the big bang theory?
Does the Shapiro effect also support the correlation that red shifting is because of gravitational effects on light rather than an expanding universe?
Just to clarify, you added the comment in parentheses that the assumptions include an infinite number of stars. Are you saying there are a finite number of stars in the IEU?
To address the impact of the Shapiro delay, see this link. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PASA...13..236W
It seems to minimize the impact of the Shapiro delay saying, "Even in the case of a high velocity pulsar in the Galactic Plane, the stochastic Shapiro delay is typically expected not to have a substantial influence on the timing properties. In consequence the viability of a pulsar-based time standard is not adversely affected by gravitational lensing."
But I would be OK with an IEU if expansion is a misread of the evidence. Still I choose QWC over IEU since expansion is mainstream.
Tentativeness is always a factor in science and if expansion turns out to be superseded scientific theory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superseded_scientific_theory) then QWC simply fails to describe the landscape of the greater universe properly. At that time the IEU would be worth serous consideration and your preference would be confirmed over mine until some new cosmology becomes mainstream.
QWC does offer ideas about the cause of mass and gravity that would still operate under IEU theory as far as I can tell. The beauty of QWC is in the way energy density plays a role in both quantum action and big crunch/burst action; similar effects at two levels of order on the spectrum of scale.
However if expansion was replaced by the Infinite and Eternal Universe theory I would have to rethink the energy density thresholds that work nicely at both levels of order in QWC. I would gladly do that if expansion is superseded in my lifetime :).
"In consequence the viability of a pulsar-based time standard is not adversely affected by gravitational lensing"
I sugest that would be the case becasue the forces the light has to travel though would be relativly constant for that light soarce, ie the timeing would be rather constant.
Yes, An infinite and eternal universe does in fact have finite qualities, stars and galaxies do in fact have finite ages, and is part of the evolving and changing nature of the universe. The CMB could be the star light coming from all dirrections, so the night sky isnt as black as Olbers’ paradox states and is rather uniform and bright when you observe in the long wave spectrum. Observe a seemingly empty dark space with a powerfull enough telescope, allow time to fill the field of view and its observed that more and more galaxies are discovered.
I have read QWC and I do note you your self state the universe is infinate and eternal in QWC. I prostulate that the scales of the arenas could be at a much smaller scale, so QWC can still stand in IEU. Black holes could be the crunch/bang on a more local perspective of the universe in the cyclical nature of energy and mass.
StrangerInAStrangeLa
11-16-08, 10:16 AM
Its not absurd... if you want, draw many evenly spaced dots on a balloon, and say each is 1mm apart.
Begins like this:
.....
when you blow it up, it looks like:
. . . . .
The first dot is in the same place... the second dot has moved 1mm farther away from dot1... the 3rd dot has moved 2mm away from dot1... and the 4th dot has moved 4mm away from dot1
They each move at the same rate away from each other, but the farther-away dots seem to move at a faster rate... now just imagine this in 3-d form and you go it
I hope you don't think this is the 1st I've heard of this like theists who seem to assume since I don't agree with them I MUST not have heard their "arguments".
In your analogy, dots will be moving away from my dot in some directions but I will see no dots in some directions. No dot on the balloon will seem like the center.
Seeming to move at a faster rate is not the same as moving at a faster rate.
You give an example that shows your point wrong then claim otherwise.
1111
PsychoticEpisode
11-16-08, 11:48 AM
The biggest flaw of the Bing bang theory is that something came from nothing. Any scientist should know that this is not possible.
Would the something in this scenario be space & matter?
I love listening to you guys talk but my expertise on the subject is limited to a few books. However I can remember one of those books mentioned that light and/or energy does not require space, it has no volume. So if this true then is it energy that is being referred to as the something from nothing?
Does the universe contain a finite amount of energy or is there no limit as to how much energy there could be? Could the universe be leaking or receiving energy at certain rates? Could the universe be a bubble in a sea of energy.
PsychoticEpisode. Light needs space. Think of space as an ocean and light as waves in the ocean. No water, no waves. The universe contains a finite amount of energy unless more is coming from elsewhere.
StrangerInAStrangeLa. The balloon analogy needs a four physical dimensional hypersphere to work. What is inside causing expansion is anybody's guess. How space can continue to expand and yet maintain the same laws (ie: the same speed of light) is anybody's guess. It would suggest that a powerful 4D explosion could even if relatively tiny, destroy the entire universe as in sticking a pin in a balloon.
StrangerInAStrangeLa
11-16-08, 02:32 PM
Space is simply the area where things are.
Maybe energy is entering & exiting our known universe.
StrangerInAStrangeLa. The balloon analogy needs a four physical dimensional hypersphere to work.
So you're saying it doesn't work?
1111
AlphaNumeric
11-16-08, 02:37 PM
StrangerInAStrangeLa. The balloon analogy needs a four physical dimensional hypersphere to work.No, it doesn't. I've told you many times, often explaining at length, that there's a great many 4 dimensional compact boundary-less shapes and a number of infinite boundary-less shapes which would give the current layout of the universe while allowing for space-time expansion. If the universe were the shape of a 3 dimensional torus for instance.
You yourself admitted that current observations do not see the exact same galaxies/structures on opposite sides of the sky and thus there's no evidence for the universe being closed, ala the surface of a hypersphere, rather than infinite in extent or any way to distinguish between topologies like a 3-sphere or a 3-torus.
You continue to endlessly repeat the hypersphere comment because you don't really understand it or the cosmological evidence (or lack of) relating to the large scale structure of the universe. Plus of course you cannot bring yourself to accept any explaination I offer or correction I make of you.
If you want to debunk Big Bang theory, find an alternative explanation for the CMB radiation.
Let's see. We have billions of trillions of stars putting out microwaves and solar winds for untold billions of years. I wonder where all these particles and radiations go?
We are looking through a haze of particles and microwaves which only becomes opaque with sufficient distance (as in morning mists), say 13.7 billion light years. From my house looking out over fields, I some mornings see an opaque mist a mile away and other times only twenty yards away, but it looks clear where I am.
Isn't it odd that despite expanding billions of times, the universe at the cmb is the same as outside our solar system, 2.7K . You'd think the cmb would be hotter or interstellar space cooler?
AlphaNumeric. Long time, no stalk. Where you been?
As I have pointed out to you many times, any shape but a hypersphere would lead to anomalies in our view of distant space.
I did not say we did not see the same galaxies on different sides of the sky. Since many of our images of very distant galaxies are just tiny blobs, how would we know since they show no detail? A blob is a blob.
The hypersphere like the big bang idea is laughably wrong, so I cannot accept them. As you mostly repeat ideas I have discarded or put on the back burner because of problems with them, it is not surprising I do not agree with them.
StrangerInAStrangeLa. Since EMR and gravity are limited to light speed and no matter can reach light speed, I think space is not just the distance between points.
A hypersphere could work but has serious problems which need sorting out before accepting it.
StrangerInAStrangeLa
11-16-08, 03:18 PM
The speed of light or anything else has nothing to do with what space is.
A balloon isn't a hypersphere tho.
1111
AlphaNumeric
11-16-08, 06:11 PM
AlphaNumeric. Long time, no stalk. Still believing the universe revolves around you I see. I reply to a post of yours where you have said something incorrect and suddenly I'm stalking you? The fact I've post elsewhere doesn't count for anything?
AWhere you been?It's called education. You might want to try it. I went on holiday for a month during all of September and then I had to proof read the paper I've done. Go have a look on www.arxiv.org . You know my name.
As I have pointed out to you many times, any shape but a hypersphere would lead to anomalies in our view of distant space.
No, you said that and I corrected you. I gave a lengthy explaination in a thread of yours about hyperspheres over in pseudoscience. I suggest you go back to it and read it.
I did not say we did not see the same galaxies on different sides of the sky. Since many of our images of very distant galaxies are just tiny blobs, how would we know since they show no detail? A blob is a blob.
I'll be a little more precise with my explaination, since you're obviously having trouble :
Currently observations, to the limit they can be trusted (ie ignoring blurry blobs you mention), do not show identical structures on opposite sides of the sky. Therefore, to the limits of our ability to measure the universe appears not to curve back on itself. Therefore we cannot distinguish between the following cases :
1. The universe is approximately flat and infinite in size. It's not possible for a stream of photons to loop around the entire universe, which we see as identical images on opposite sides of the sky.
2. The universe being enormous but curved so that it can be modelled as having the topology S^{3}, the 3 dimensional version of a sphere. It's finite in size but it has no boundaries.
3. The universe being enormous but curved so it can be modelled as having a topology which makes it compact and 3 dimensional but not a 3-sphere. It's finite in size but it has no boundaries.
Savvy? If we cannot see the entire universe we cannot distinguish between it being infinite or finite. And if we cannot see identical images on opposite sides of the sky we cannot distinguish between different kinds of finite, boundary-less 3 dimensional shapes it make be taking.
The hypersphere like the big bang idea is laughably wrong, so I cannot accept them. But as anyone who goes and reads the thread on hyperspheres you started in Pseudo can see, you don't understand fairly basic notions in geometry and coupled with your complete inability to grasp relativity and cosmology, you're not exactly competent at judging science.
As you mostly repeat ideas I have discarded or put on the back burner because of problems with themI have to constantly repeat certain things to you because you keep showing you've not bothered or been unable to understand them. Pretty simple ones. Despite all the time you spend attacking various bits of mainstream physics, you don't spend the time to even understand what it is you attack. Just like OilIsMastery and his obsessions with oil and geology.
A hypersphere could work but has serious problems which need sorting out before accepting it. Tell me, how do current experiments distinguish between the universe being of shape S^{3}, ie a 3 dimensional sphere , the shape you are referring to, the shape T^{3}, ie a 3 dimensional torus so light paths can still loop back on themselves, and \mathbb{R}^{3}, completely spacially flat, if the circumferences of the S^{3}'s 'great circle' (like the equator for the Earth, only in higher dimensions) is a trillion light years in size and similarly, the circumferences of the T^{3}'s loops are a trillion light years in length.
Such huge curved shapes wouldn't show up their curvature over distances of only a few billion light years, so experimentally we'd have no way of telling them apart.
EndLightEnd
11-16-08, 07:42 PM
Let's see. We have billions of trillions of stars putting out microwaves and solar winds for untold billions of years. I wonder where all these particles and radiations go?
But that does not explain why the CMB is a perfect Black Body, observable every direction in the sky. Anyway stars do not emit blackbody radiation, and I doubt dust (which is capable of producing BB radiation) is homogeneous at every point in the sky.
AlphaNumeric. Goody for you. I usually go on 3 months holiday, to Asia, but am giving it a rest this year.
What's hard about cold formation of planets? It happened in our solar system where the sun was a late starter. Jupiter and Saturn could not havee formed where they did in a hot formation.
Of course hyperspheres are pseudo-science, but the BB idea needs them to produce a 4D expansion. Without them, it's 3D and we have a centre of the universe.
The fact that the CMB prevents us seeing further does not suggest an infinite universe. Just that what is behind it is hidden.
And you are good at judging science? Your idea is if it is not in a text book, it is automatically wrong, and if it is in a text book (though it has no firm evidence as in BB, DE, DM, strings, supersymmetry, Higg's boson, etc), then it is automatically right. Stupid parrot.
You remind me of the Englishman abroad. If someone doesn't understand what you are saying, it is their fault so you just shout louder till they do.
Light is slow. According to theory, the outer edge of the universe is expanding at near light speed. The reason why in an ever expanding universe we cannot see in a curve all around it is....light is slow. Duh!
A few decades ago I lived on the fens in an isolated house. The fens are flat and there was a few times when I could see hundreds of yards in all directions but no more. It was a wall of white mist at that distance and I was in the centre of a clear area (apparently).
If the CMB were to be produced by all the stars in the universe producing microwaves since their formation (millions/billions of years), why would the CMB not be homogeneous?
Stars also give off all sorts of particles as well as radiations so why would they not appear solid if viewed from sufficient distance, as in 13.7 billion light years?
AlphaNumeric
11-22-08, 05:54 PM
Of course hyperspheres are pseudo-science, but the BB idea needs them to produce a 4D expansion. Without them, it's 3D and we have a centre of the universe.So despite the fact I give examples of other compact, boundaryless 4 dimensional objects, you still think the BB 'needs them', despite it not requiring us to know the overall topology of the universe, despite there being no evidence the universe is a hypersphere and despite the fact you don't know enough about mainstream cosmology or geometry to even grasp the concepts.
The fact that the CMB prevents us seeing further does not suggest an infinite universe. Just that what is behind it is hidden.I didn't say it did suggest that. But it means that it doesn't rule it out. Nor does it rule out other compact, boundaryless 4 dimensional objects like tori. Or even something more involved like a K3 space, which happens to obey the Einstein field equations in a particular form. Just as deSitter, Minkowski and Anti deSitter space-times, all of which have been considered to be viable descriptions of the shape of the universe at large. Infact, if the cosmological constant is what observers appear to be telling us (ie ever so slightly positive) then the universe isn't a hypersphere, it's got the structure of de Sitter space-time which isn't finite in size.
You completely failed to grasp my explaination of why the lack of any observations seeing the exact same structures on opposite sides of the sky means that observations cannot distinguish between an infinite universe or a huge but finite one. And in the case of the huge but finite, any compact shape can give what we see.
Can you point to a single paper which says "The Big Bang is inconsistent if the topology/large scale structure of the universe is not that of a hypersphere". Because its not something said in cosmology circles, to my knowledge. I have seen plenty of cosmology talks and lectures and read a fair few books and papers on the matter, as well as being mildly competent at things like using the Einstein Field Equations or the FRW metric and not once have I had to use the notion of the universe being a hypersphere in order to do models of inflation.
So, can you back up your claim or not?
Your idea is if it is not in a text book, it is automatically wrong, and if it is in a text book (though it has no firm evidence as in BB, DE, DM, strings, supersymmetry, Higg's boson, etc), then it is automatically right. Obviously you feel you have to resort to putting words in peoples mouths and lying in order to try to justify your views. I don't automatically think anything and everything I'm taught is correct. Not do I automatically dismiss things which aren't mainstream. The fact you are so ignorant of the topics you talk most about means most of what people say to you can be found in books. Or by a 10 year old using Google, as you like to say.
I have explained, more than once now, why hyperspheres are not an essential component of the BB model. You haven't actually retorted that, just repeated your claim. You ignored my examples of other space-times, both finite and infinite, which match observations. You ignored my explanations of why observations aren't able to narrow our choices down much. You ignored my request you provide me with a link to where you 'do' the FRW metric, as you claimed you had discussed it with me previously and shown me wrong. Yet you provide no link. Well I'm asking you again. I'm also asking you to provide justification for your claim that the BB model needs a hypersphere. Because you haven't provided any yet.
Stupid parrot. Better to be knowledgeable and a parrot than a lying fool.
You remind me of the Englishman abroad. If someone doesn't understand what you are saying, it is their fault so you just shout louder till they do.Yet another example of crank behaviour, you project your own faults onto others. I have provided explanations. In other discussions I've provided a multitude of links, given derivations, shown algebraic workings, cites sources. If someone asks me to put my maths/physics where my mouth is, I can. You cannot. So you resort to lying about theories and people and repeating the same debunked claims. It is you to hopes to persuade people by simply repeating the same thing again and again.
For instance, you repeatedly said to me that I'm unable to show any original work. I repeatedly offer to discuss my work with you in the appropriate forum, you refuse. You then repeat how I don't have anything original work. You simply repeat the lie, hoping that if you ignore my polite invitations to discuss my work somehow my work will cease to exist and you'll be right. Had a look at ArXiv yet or are you hoping if you pretend I don't have work on there which is my own original research it'll not exist?
Light is slow. According to theory, the outer edge of the universe is expanding at near light speed. The reason why in an ever expanding universe we cannot see in a curve all around it is....light is slow. Duh!So in other words you understand why observations cannot tell if the universe is finite or not and a model which views the universe as infinite will be just as consistent as if the universe is finite but huge. And yet for some reason you think that the BB says the universe must be a hypersphere because it cannot deal with other shapes. The fact cosmology has been awash with models involving deSitter, Anti deSitter, Minkowski, FRW metrics, all of which do not view the universe as S^{3} (though the FRW can I think), don't seem to register with you. Hardly surprising given you avoid actually reading about mainstream cosmology or relativity. Nor do you read about geometry and the various 4 dimensional compact boundaryless shapes there are.
So hows about those links to you 'doing' the FRW metric (heck, I'd even settle for you showing a working grasp of any kind of physics) and someone credible saying the BB is impossible without a hypersphere topology. I'll make your life a little easier and provide this link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations) where the metric shown is only describing a 4-sphere if k=1. Oh and here is another (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe). If you bother to read it (or just look at the pictures) you'll see it discusses a variety of different shapes, not just spheres. Pretty much says exactly as I've been telling you. Of course you'll just call me a parrot, as if I should be ashamed of knowing things, things a 10 year old with Google could find but are obviously too much for you to find, hence why you continue to lie all the time, despite people correcting you. You must feel so proud, having to resort to lying.
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