What Really Causes Earthquakes?

OilIsMastery · Oct 26, 2008

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The Greek explanation was Poseidon "The Earth Shaker." He could make the Earth tremble with his trident.

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The Maori explanation was Ruaumoko, the youngest son of Rangi and Papa. He has never been born and remains inside his mother's womb. His movements are considered the cause of earthquakes.

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The Japanese explanation was Namazu: a giant catfish with the islands of Japan on his back. A demigod, or daimyojin, Kashima, holds a heavy stone over his head to keep him from moving. Once in a while Kashima is distracted so Namazu moves and the Earth trembles.

The 20th Century explanation is the Invisible Magic Conveyor Belt (IMCB). When the IMCB moves it causes an earthquake.

However there are problems with IMCB hypothesis: http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/10/five-us-earthqu.html

Most of the major earthquakes in the world occur at tectonic plate boundaries where land masses are colliding or pushing past one another. But in the middle of the country lurks a geological enigma near New Madrid, Missouri, that has produced some of the largest quakes on record for the United States but has yet to be fully explained by scientists.

"It's a big mystery," said geologist Eugene Schweig of the U.S. Geological Survey, who has studied the area for 23 years. "New Madrid is about as far from a plate boundary as you can get."
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So here is the explanation I've come to believe: http://www.cprm.gov.br/33IGC/1284030.html

Earthquake and tsunami generation in the context of Excess Mass Stress Tectonics - EMST

Conventionally rocks are an elastic medium, and horizontal static stress changes produce the accumulation of elastic strain, then frictional sliding, rupture, inelastic slip, and finally an earthquake is generated. But, in fact, and depending on the degree of micro- and macro-cracking, rocks under the action of a weak static stress do not deform at all, or they deform non-elastically through the slow creep to the fast slip. In effect they act as a series of separate blocks, like a deck of cards that move linearly the one relative to the other, thus removing elastic strain energy from the system. In the context of Excess Mass Stress Tectonics, EMST, since ~200 m.y.a., Fe, the last element to form rises as a high frequency/energy reduced Fe2-, in which the s- and d-orbital electronic states coincide. Upon decompression-oxidation to become Fe2,3+ releases its 4-5 'excess' electrons that enter into microcracks serving as resonant cavities for their resonance at the ~1014 Hz of radiant heat. When the electron concentration exceeds the threshold of ~1018 electrons/m2 that balances gravitational attraction, internal pressure builds up, microcracks enlarge and a great mass of rock is uplifted over time. If and when the concentration of electrons in the micro-cavities surpasses their impedance to flow a dielectric breakdown occurs, i.e., a transient discharging of electrons, causing a sudden conductivity increase and an implosive collapse that coerces the otherwise plastic underlying rock block to respond transiently elastically. An earthquake is thus generated. The magnitude depends on the size of the active volume of almost concomitantly discharging micro-cavities. If this transient dynamic stress that caused the earthquake exceeds the rock's strength can also produce a fault rupture; a secondary non-elastic effect. In an earthquake, as in a tsunami, the dynamic stress produced by the vertical displacement of the rock or the water column, respectively, acts as the elastic force, which causes compression and a pair of standing waves, the 'source' P waves, oscillating parallel to the direction of stress; and extension and two unpaired standing-traveling waves propagating in opposite directions normal to the direction of strike. The Love surface waves have no vertical component and appear as horizontally polarized transverse waves. The Rayleigh surface waves, as the sea waves, could be considered to represent the interplay of P and S body waves. Actually, seismic waves as any wave, is the interchangeable compaction and rarefaction of space represented by the two orthogonal sides of any orthogonal triangle, the hypotenuse of which is the medium's maximum deformation rate. In a homogeneous and isotropic layer there is no change with depth, but in an inhomogeneous medium, the rigidity of which increases with depth, as inside the Earth, the amplitude of both body and surface waves decreases proportionally to the rigidity/frequency/density increase with depth.
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James R · Oct 26, 2008

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What Really Causes Earthquakes?

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