Propulsion technology

Discussion in 'General Science & Technology' started by Weaver, Sep 30, 2000.

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  1. Weaver Registered Member

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    9
    Hey everyone, I need some help. I'm writing a paper on the future outcomes of propulsion technology. If anyone can five any ideas and descriptions on different propulsion systems of the future, that would be great. I already have Warp, Jump, Retro rocket, and Hyperdrive propulsion listed. Can you list others?
    Thank you.
     
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  3. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

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    "It is not uncommon for engineers to accept the reality of phenomena that
    are not yet understood, as it is very common for physicists to disbelieve
    the reality of phenomena that seem to contradict contemporary beliefs of
    physics" - H. Bauer
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    Here are some links, that may help.
    http://dmoz.org/Science/Anomalies_and_Alternative_Science


    ELECTROGRAVITICS SYSTEMS

    An examination of electrostatic motion,
    dynamic counterbary and barycentric control.

    AVIATION STUDIES INTERNATIONAL, LTD.

    SPECIAL WEAPONS STUDY UNIT
    93-31 Cheval Place, Knightsbridge
    London S.W.7. England

    http://www.cufon.org/cufon/elecgrav.htm
     
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  5. Success_Machine Impossible? I can do that Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
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    Don't forget nuclear propulsion! The most advanced concept in this regime is the antiproton-augmented muon-catalyzed inertial electrostatically-confined microexplosive thermonuclear fusion-pulsed propulsion with a superconducting magnetic flux-pumped gas-dynamic-mirror nozzle. For a reference look up Nuclear Thermal Rockets at a local library and check the references at the back of the book.
     
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  7. Epitectus Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    30
    An amplification machine could be used with a linear passive transducer. But it would only travel as fast as the speed of sound. Inertial propulsion systems incorporating a 3 axis rotational drive in 3D or more axis if in more dimensions. I can't visualise it anyway.

    [This message has been edited by Epitectus (edited October 02, 2000).]
     
  8. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    "It is not uncommon for engineers to accept the reality of phenomena that
    are not yet understood, as it is very common for physicists to disbelieve
    the reality of phenomena that seem to contradict contemporary beliefs of
    physics" - H. Bauer
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/style/A3196-1999Oct31.html

    A Scientific Heretic Delves Beneath the Surface.

    By Ken Ringle
    Washington Post Staff Writer
    Monday, November 1, 1999; Page C1

    Computers used to cost millions. Now they're being given away. The country was rapidly going broke. Now we've got a $115 billion budget surplus. Butter was bad for us. Now we're not so sure. We're being forced to reexamine all our old assumptions on millennial eve, right?


    So maybe we should finally pay attention to Thomas Gold. He says the world has an endless supply of oil and gas.


    Gold, a Vienna-born physicist, cosmologist and general scientific heavy lifter, founded and for many years directed the Cornell Center for Radiophysics and Space Research. In his 79 years he's authored more than 280 scholarly papers on subjects ranging from astronomy to zoology.


    He's also a full-time heretic, periodically parachuting into some new scientific field and infuriating academic plodders there with some outlandishly bold new theory. More annoying, his theories usually turn out to be right. Worst of all, he thinks the orthodox have so gummed up the gates of knowledge that they were more open to breakthroughs 50 years ago. Harvard biologist Stephen Jay Gould has labeled Gold "one of America's most iconoclastic scientists." Says Gold himself: "In choosing a hypothesis there is no virtue in being timid ... [but] I clearly would have been burned at the stake in another age."


    In 1947, fresh from pioneering wartime work on the development of radar, he used his research into high-frequency receptors to publish an entire new theory of mammalian hearing. Physiologists shrugged it off for 30 years. Until auditory technology evolved enough to prove him correct.


    In 1959, when everybody thought the surface of the moon was frozen lava, Gold decided it was covered with dust from meteor impacts. Footprints of the Apollo astronauts will testify eternally that he was was right about that, too.


    In 1967 astronomers trashed his suggestion that energy pulsating in the distant universe was the signature of collapsing stars. The subsequent observation of pulsars won two other scientists a Nobel Prize. And proved Gold correct.


    In 1992 he predicted that Martian meteorites might contain fossilized microbes. Four years later NASA announced the same thing.


    Now in a new book, "The Deep Hot Biosphere," Gold says the origin and bulk of biological life is not on the surface of the Earth where the birds and bunnies are, but deep within it. Moreover, that microscopic life force is fueled by an inexhaustible supply of petroleum constantly migrating outward from our planet's volcanic core.


    Eight years ago, when Gold was still developing his theory, some geologists were so incensed by it they petitioned to have the government remove all mention of it from the nation's libraries.


    "It was an effort at book-burning, pure and simple," Gold says, shuffling around a computer-buzzing, paper-littered attic study as energetically unkempt as he is. Most petroleum geologists, he says, "simply have no concept of the laws of physics at work" beneath the Earth's crust.


    People need to understand, he says, that the long-held assumption that oil comes from the millennial composting of dinosaurs and ancient swamps has always been dubious, whatever school science books may say. His theory of a deep, hot biosphere doesn't just solve its contradictions, it sorts out in the process such minor matters as the origin of all earthly life and its relationship with the rest of the universe.


    Is there any wonder it makes people nervous?

    Way Outside the Box

    What's unique about Thomas Gold, says astronomer Steve Maran of the American Astronomical Society, is that unlike most scientists who are content to "pursue the advancement of knowledge in small, incremental steps," Gold "comes up with new ideas by starting from the original principles" in some field where others have labored for years.


    When that happens, he's often "treated like a curiosity that can't be taken seriously," Maran says. "But he always shakes things up in a useful way, often opens up entire new areas of thought. Some denounce him even as they profit from the push he's given their thinking."


    "Gold's style is in turn charming, intriguing and exasperating: short on details (where the Devil lies) and long on fiats and suppositions," sighed eminent geochemist Harmon Craig of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, reviewing Gold's book in Eos, the journal of the American Geophysical Union.


    But if Gold is right about subterranean microbes being the seeds of all life, and if they survive the Earth's next asteroid collision to restart evolution, he adds, "Let us hope that when new humans finally emerge and invent science they will have another Tom Gold to delight and exasperate them with his theories."


    On this particular day the heretic himself is stopping by the local techno-emporium to pick up a new computer. It's a Macintosh, and with its blue-and-white neon tones and "Star Trek" design it looks like something morphed from one of his theories. It's unclear just why his former computer succumbed. It was only a year old, but he may have made it think too much.


    "Supposedly all my files have been transferred into this one," he says skeptically, accepting only a modicum of help lugging it through the garage and up to his study. "But of course, you never really know."


    Gold says his curiosity has been getting him in trouble ever since his father gave him a watch when he was little and he took it apart. He's worked at reassembling things ever since.


    One of his boldest constructs was the steady-state theory of the universe, which is now regarded, says Craig, as "beautiful but untrue." Still, as cosmologist Freeman Dyson of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton says, if Gold hadn't put forward the steady-state theory, astronomers might not have been inspired enough to dream up the Big Bang theory, which replaced it.


    We probably shouldn't be too hard on Gold for not quite figuring out the universe on his first try. After all, he rushed through Cambridge in only two years (there was a war on) and his degree was in engineering.


    But his mind had impressed his friend Hermann Bundi, one of Cambridge's famous wartime coterie of mathematical geniuses, who suggested Gold would be useful on a highly classified war project. There was only one problem: Gold was interned at the time as an enemy alien. He and his parents were Austrian citizens, and despite being refugees from Hitler (his father was Jewish), they had been technically classified as Germans by the British after war broke out in 1939.


    "I was probably the first person to go right from internment as an enemy to work on an ultra-secret project like radar," he muses.


    After the war he went back to Cambridge where, impressed with his brilliance, administrators presented him with a prized four-year fellowship to do anything he wanted.


    "I told them I would like to teach advanced physics," Gold remembers. "They said that was fine. But since I had never studied any physics, I had to learn it myself night by night, before each lecture."


    In the process, he read widely on all sides of the subject and became convinced all physics was related. From that he published his steady-state theory, which held that whatever had happened once in the universe must be occurring someplace in the universe today.


    That made a big splash in scientific circles and, says Gold, "I'm still not entirely sure it's wrong." From there he moved on in 1953 to become assistant to Britain's astronomer royal, who heads the Greenwich Observatory and holds one of the country's most prestigious intellectual posts.


    There he says he accidentally discovered the ultrasound phenomenon now used to check out unborn babies. But his boss decided it had nothing to do with astronomy and tore down his laboratory, so Gold left for the United States.


    He landed in Harvard in 1955, "either the youngest or the second youngest full professor on the faculty. I forget which." But he refused to live in Boston and detested commuting from the suburbs, so within four years he had migrated to a "much more livable" environment at Cornell.


    He's been here causing trouble ever since.

    Fueling Passion

    Gold, who holds prestigious appointments to the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of London, turned his attention to petroleum during the energy crisis of the late 1970s. He has not been universally welcomed by industry geologists. Gold's hypothesis on the origin of petroleum amid deep hot life "is not very well defended," sniffed geoscientist Alton Brown of Atlantic Richfield in a review of "The Deep Hot Biosphere" in American Scientist last July. "We ... know too much about the subsurface and about petroleum geochemistry to seriously consider these ideas."


    But Gold is used to being dissed. While scientists like Brown have traditionally sought to explain petroleum by looking in the ground, Gold says, he developed his theory by looking in the other direction.


    Far from being an earthly substance, he says, petroleum and its component hydrocarbons are present throughout the universe. You find them in meteorites. You find them in captured interplanetary dust. You can detect them quite abundantly on one of the moons of Saturn. About all this there is no scientific argument.


    As an astronomer and geophysicist, he says, "it always seemed absurd to me to see petroleum hydrocarbons on other planets, where there was obviously never any vegetation, even as we insist that on Earth they must be biological in origin."


    Yet wherever earthly petroleum is found, even miles below ground, oil always contains biological material, such as the wreckage of old, dead cells. If "fossil fuel" wasn't formed from ancient plants and animals, how did that material get there?


    Another puzzle bothered Gold, though he says it seems to concern few others: the gas helium. Helium is one of the essential elements of the universe, present in trace amounts everywhere in nature. As a so-called "noble" gas, it stays chemically aloof from other elements, never combining like, say, hydrogen and oxygen do to form a third substance like water. Yet the only place on Earth helium is ever found in abundance is with pools of petroleum underground.


    What, Gold wondered, could explain that?


    Then in 1977 a tiny research submarine probing deep beneath the Pacific Ocean near the Galapagos Islands discovered something that revolutionized our understanding of life.


    More than 1 1/2 miles down on an ocean floor made otherwise barren by darkness and crushing pressure, the sub's floodlights revealed entirely new ecosystems living amid the scalding 600-degree heat and mineral-rich eruptions of subsea volcanic vents. On subsequent expeditions, scientists were astounded to find an entire food chain at the vents--blood red giant tube worms, albino crabs and other creatures--thriving on previously unknown forms of heat-loving microbes where no possibility of life was thought to exist.


    That got Gold thinking.


    Last year, in his book "Consilience," Harvard entomologist E.O. Wilson, a polymathic heretic like Gold, stirred the scientific pot by arguing that all forms of human knowledge are really branches of biology, and serve an evolutionary goal. But Gold goes further than that.


    "Perhaps biology is just a branch of thermodynamics," he has written, and the history of life is just "a gradual systematic development toward more efficient ways of degrading energy. ... The chemical energy available inside a planetary body is then more likely to have been the first energy source, and surface creatures--like elephants and ... people--which feed indirectly on solar energy--are just a [much later] adaptation of that life to ... circumstances on the surface of our planet."

    Endless Oil?

    Working from that hypothesis, Gold's theory goes like this: Oil and gas were born out of the Big Bang and trapped in the Earth 4.5 billion years ago in randomly dispersed molecular form. But the intense heat of the Earth's volcanic core "sweats them out" of the rocks that contain them, sending them migrating outward through the porous deep Earth because they are more fluid and weigh less. In a region between 10 and 300 kilometers deep, the hydrocarbons nourish vast colonies of microbes where all of earthly life began, and where today there's a vastly greater mass of living things than exist on the surface of the planet. The migrating oil and gas "sweep up" the biological wreckage of this life as they percolate upward, together with molecules of helium, all of which eventually get trapped and concentrated for periods in near-surface reservoirs where oil is usually found.


    As far out as all this may sound, in the years since Gold first noised the outlines of his theory, researchers throughout the world have documented extensively the presence of active microbes in the deep Earth under conditions of heat and pressure once thought impossible to sustain life.


    Furthermore, some oil reservoirs long thought exhausted now appear to be mysteriously refilling. Gold considers the best proof of his program the extraction of 12 tons of crude oil in 1990 from a 6-kilometer-deep well drilled in the long-presumed oil-free granite of central Sweden.


    Chris Flavin of World Watch Institute says he's found many elements of Gold's theory "pretty persuasive" in the light of such discoveries, and says there's much to cheer environmentalists. If Gold is right, he says, the greatest abundance of accessible hydrocarbons will be found in the form of natural gas. Gas is not only the cleanest-burning energy source right now, it promises "to be the bridge to the hydrogen economy in the future" which will be cleaner still, he says.


    But skeptics remain.


    "We know there's carbon deep within the Earth because that's where we find diamonds," says Nick Woodward, a geoscience program manager with the Energy Department. "And we know there's water, at least in small amounts, which, since it's hydrogen and oxygen, gives us the building blocks for petroleum hydrocarbons. ... "But whether that therefore means the source of all hydrocarbons is in the deep Earth, I think that's highly questionable."


    Gold shrugs off such unbelievers. The scientific world, allegedly searching for truth, is really little more hospitable to it than when Galileo fell afoul of the Inquisition, he says.


    "You know, I am very lucky that I received recognition and honors early in my career, so that by the time I started making real waves I already had stature," he says. "Even with my record I've had a terrible time getting some of these papers published. Without it nobody would touch me. ...


    "The problem is this system of peer review" wherein established scholars in a field pass judgment on new papers before publication, he says. "That rewards small steps but discourages bold ideas and the very sort of cross-discipline thinking that can provide the greatest breakthroughs. I don't think there's any question that we produced more great ideas in the first half of the 20th century than we have in the second"--when peer review has ruled.


    Nevertheless, Gold soldiers on. He's presently writing his memoirs of a lifetime of heresy. Chosen title: "Getting the Back Off the Watch."


    © 2000 The Washington Post Company
     
  9. Rambler Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    509
    A couple more:

    Solar Sails, Ramjet (interstellar)...
    Those are scientifically feasable.
     
  10. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    Also note the effects of particle accelerators.

    If you were to use a particle accelerator, and inject a steady flow of accelerated protons into a fusion reactor....
     
  11. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    <HTML><HEAD>
    <TITLE>Warp Theory: A primer in FTL drive systems.</TITLE>
    </HEAD>
    <BODY><CENTER>
    <HR><HR>
    Warp Theory: A primer in FTL drive systems.

    Submitted for the review of scholars

    <A HREF="bioael.htm">By: Dr. Ael Rin Sirion</A>

    Quantum Technician

    </CENTER>


    The secret of warp capacities lies in knowing why the light speed
    limit exists. Understanding this technology will require an advanced
    understanding of reletivity. In simple, how was the light speed limit
    arrived at in the first place? That is the point as which we, thusly I,
    should begin.



    Reletivity is a fascinating concept in that it states that objective
    observation is really subjective. For example, from a planet's viewpoint,
    it's star appears to be moving and the world looks stationary. If we look
    at the same system from the viwpoint as the star, the planet appears to be
    moving. From the viewpoint of the galaxy, both will appear to be moving
    compared to a "reletively stationary" galaxy. And it goes on like this.



    Now we question which of these is the truth. The only reasonable
    answer to this question is that all of these observations, and countless
    others which I have not mentioned, are all true. How can a contradiction be
    the truth? Reletively! Since there is no single universal reference point
    which we can all agree upon as absolutely stationary, we cannot discern if
    any of these reference points is truely stationary. All movement must be
    measured reletive to a "reletively stationary" reference point since there is
    no objectively stationary reference upon which to base all movement.



    This being said, we can refer to ourselves as stationary. If you have
    ever moved about in a vehicle which moves at a smooth accelleration, then you
    have felt a phenominon which is the basis for reletivity. You feel stationary
    and objects you see through the viewports appear to be moving. Should your
    vehicle drift forward, reletive to the vehicle directly beside you, you may
    try to stop your forward momentum even if it is the other vehicle, your
    reletively stationary reference point, which is actually drifting backwards.



    Although it appears that I'm off course in this dissertation, this is
    an important concept. With the exception of reference points, designated
    stationary or moving, you have no sensory clue that you are moving. This
    leads us to question what will happen if you were to have a clue to movement
    outside of the reference point? Absolute proof of such a thing would topple
    reletivity as we know it.



    Now we come to a point where we have just such an experament. Without
    the above assertion, we will not arrive at reletivity. It is an absolute
    belief that there is no such sensory proof which will shatter the stationary
    illusion of SMOOTH accelleration which leads to reletivity.



    You hop into your space ship, and move off to the nearest star. All
    the time, you accellerate smoothly to maintain a 1 G environment. There is a
    mirror above you, perpendicular to the nosecone. Clearely, the light from
    your face moves to the mirror at C-(ship's velocity) and bounces back at
    c+(Ship's velocity) . If you were to keep going for so long that you reached
    the speed of light, C, then the light moving toward the mirror would be moving
    at C-C or 0 units per second. Your reflection would vanish. Suddenly, you
    have sensory proof that you're moving.



    Don't let the C+C case of the light coming back at you escape notice
    either. The extancy of the constant C states that light has a fixed velocity
    through any medium, including the air of your ship. As a result, light will
    always return from the mirror at C units per second. Base a clock on this
    structure and something amazing will happen.



    Assume that the clock is so large that a beam of light bouncing from
    the mirror would take 1 second to return. That leads us to the equation that
    the distance to the mirror, D, is C/2 units. The total speed of the light
    beam is C-V(Ship's velocity =V) for the outgoing leg and C for the incomming
    leg. ( C-V+C = 2C-V units per second)



    At this point, we are using SPOTS [Simultaneous Pulse Optical
    Transmision System ] transponders, which can send and receive photon pulses
    from the same element. It is important to note that this is isolinear in that
    the pulse moves directly forward in the exact direction that the ship is
    moving and moves directly back over the same path. When the ship's velocity
    is C, then the photon pulses will move toward the mirror at the same speed as
    the mirror will be moving away from the SPOTS transponder. The result is that
    time stops. Up until this point, the return leg of the voyage taken by the
    photon pulse shortens by the same distance as the departing leg lengthens from
    the movement of the ship.



    Even though all the points for a single, strait line, we have a
    triangle. Now we do the experiment in the old way, where the sender and
    receiver elements of the photon pulse are side by side. Now the photon pulse
    has to move across the ship as well as moving from front to back along the
    ship. Something interesting happens. The beam is moving toward the receiver
    throughout it's entire flight, thus, if the flight to the mirror is lengthened
    by the movement of the ship, this pulse hits the mirror off center. If the
    mirror is not wide enough to reach between the centers of both the sender and
    receiver, then there is a speed at which the beam would miss the mirror.



    This leads to an odd perception in which you, unaware that there is
    any reletive momentum, see space warping in the mirror. Suddenly, you can
    see further to one side of the room, beside you, than you could. It's a slow
    process, depending on the velocity increase during this time, however, you
    could eventually see the side of objects which face the mirror. Note, that any
    change in reletive velocity voids the guarantee of reletivity. Acceleration,
    as used in this paper, refers to the movement of the bodies involved and not
    to a change in velocity.



    And now we get to the transverse experiment. The mirror is now
    mounted on the port side, with the sender and receivers mounted at opposite
    ends of the Starboard wall. The receiver is at the front of the ship and the
    sender is at the tail. Now, viewed from outside, the photon pulse has to
    catch up with the mirror, and then catch up with the receiver. If we were to
    compute the distance as viewed from outside the ship, it would be much further
    from the sender to the receiver, off the mirror, than it is from the inside of
    the ship. Time is slowed. Interestingly, the opposite will happen if the beam
    was to be fired the other way, from front to back. Time speeds up moving in
    that direction.



    This stretching of time is spacial reletivity. If we were to compute
    the triangle formed by the sender, mirror and receiver, it would be possible
    to arrive at the remarkable E=MC^2 as the amount of energy contained in 'dead
    mass,' but that is not our current concern, so we'll skip the exercise. Yet,
    it is important to note that this formula expresses only the energy in the
    mass and not the energies which can be stored in it. Heat, kenetic and the
    like are added to this. That is important because the increase in kenetic
    energy as we approach C adds to the apparent mass of the body and is part of
    why we cannot exceed C within Normal N-Space [time-space].



    The slowing down of time and the reletive increase in mass are the
    real reasons that FTL [Faster than Light] drive is considered impossible. It
    is important that you know these effects, however, it is not important that
    we discuss them at length because they must NOT apply in the processes
    outlined in this paper or FTL drive, all of warp technology, will be
    invalidated.
    <HR>
    <H1><CENTER> Starting Point.. </CENTER></H1><HR>

    ----------------



    Notice another odd effect. All falling bodies are conducted through
    space at the same velocity under a gravitational accelleration. Weight, and
    mass, seem to have no effect on gravitational accelleration. This simple
    observation is the beginning of inertial bias, field accelleration and full
    blown spacial warping. Although inertia is added to these bodies while they
    are in reletive free-fall, there is no difference in the way that the field
    of gravity reacts as a result of this increase. In fact, the increase in
    mass which results from high velocity momentum actually adds strength to the
    gravitic field it generates.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Reducing Inertia to a Speed.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    ----------------------------



    Matter is comprised of many small components which act as larger
    singular structures. The exact nature of these components is purely
    theoretical, although it is known that such structures contain energy
    contained within quantum fields. This of genesit particles, particles on the
    boundry between matter and energy such as photons, as bubbles of quantum
    forces which are full of pure energy.



    If you wish to accellerate such constructions, you will notice that
    the whole structure will deform as the intertial forces along some connections
    propogate. Inertia itself is an expression of this deformation in the way
    that the attempt to accelerate the body in one inertial state must move
    through the body and reach each component of the body in order for it to reach
    a stable rate of movement. Clearely, the speed of inertia is the speed of
    sound through the medium in question.



    Since the force which is applied to change the inertial state of a
    body is applied to a small portion of the body, the components of the body
    adjacent to that point will be moving reletively faster than the remaining
    portions of the body. Contraction along the body will result in something
    called inertial compression which can cause stress failures in the mechanical
    and structural systems of the body in question.



    Sound, like accelleration, is a compressional wave, thusly, the speed
    of sound increases proportionally to the density of the medium. This velocity
    is not a matter of the compressability of the medium as virtually
    incompressable materials, the basis of hydrolic systems, experience the same
    increase in the speed of sound reletive to density. Such compression is,
    rather, the ability of the medium to conduct isolinear momentum without
    excessive dispersion.



    An increase in the speed of sound through a body does not result in
    the loss of inertia. Conversely, it results in the increase in inertia since
    the entire body must be moved by the applied force, at the moment of inertia,
    rather than the applied force simply changing the inertial state of small
    parts of the body in any moment until the whole body is in its new, steady,
    inertial state. This can be conveniently expressed as F=MA where force is the
    mass of the body times the acceleration.



    F/A=M therefore, the higher the inertial conduction (acceleration),
    the lower the mass which can be accelerated by it. This action is also time
    dependant, posessing the property of quantum energy. Quantum energy requires
    that the whole quantum of energy required to change a state must be applied
    in one instant or it will have no effect on the system. There is never a
    'residual' in quantum energy. None of the 'excess' energy from one moment is
    available to change the state of the body in the next moment.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Field Accelleration</H1></CENTER><HR>

    -------------------



    Now we reach the first principle of warp technology. The main reason
    we exceed the light speed limit is inertia. As a body approaches the light
    speed limit, C, it's mass will increase exponentially up to infinity at C.
    Our second problem is the 'time slip' which states that time must stand still
    to a body moving at C or the principle of reletivity will be violated. I'll
    get to the second problem later.



    Field accelleration refers to the accelleration of the body by
    applying the momentum to the components which make up the body rather than to
    the body itself. The difference may seem small, however, it is profound. In
    older forms of propulsion, force is applied from the power plants and is
    subject to inertia as it propogates through the body to change its inertial
    state. With a field accelerator, the body is emersed in the field and biased
    to a certain inertial state. There is no inertial effect since the force does
    not have to propogate across the body.



    Any quantum force of sufficient capacity can produce a warp field.
    Gravitation is the most often expressed force, however, electormagnetism is
    the most used force since it is the most controllable and understood. It is
    also important to note that electroweak force, of which electromagnetic force
    is a subset, is kenetic whereas gravitostrong force is static. Static forces
    are difficult to bias and often require an actual imbalance in the field to
    achieve the warp effect. Kenetic forces have a polarity and can easily be
    biased in their natural flows without applying undue stress to the structure
    of the body involved.



    Handling the 'time slip' problem is the most complex part of the
    system. Although the field is external to the body and does not experience
    the distortion of time in itself, the body contained within the field have to
    cope with displacement as movement across vast distances in space result in
    movement through equally vast amounts of time. This is an unacceptable
    consequince of warp travel.



    Field acceleration handles this as well. The body within the field
    experiences no inertia and is therefore in a state of stable inertia all the
    time. Such bodies are moving at sublight velocities sufficiently small as not
    to experience time slip. It is the surrounding space which is warped by the
    allererator field. Quantum accleration of the entire field frame compresses
    space in an isolinear fassion.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Time Dilation</H1></CENTER><HR>

    -------------



    Two types of time disruption occur in faster than light (FTL) space
    flight; virtual and actual. Actual time dilation is the difference between
    the reletive 'speed' of time within the warp field and time measured outside
    the field. Virtual time displacement is the apparent change in time resulting
    from moving into space over distances so vast that your point of departure
    appears to move backward in time and your destination seems to move forward in
    time by an equally great distance.



    Virtual time displacement is the one which cannot be solved at present
    and the simpler of the two to describe, so I'll start there. Since light
    moves at a constant velocity, moving faster than light will require light
    which leaves your point of origin at the present time to have to catch up with
    you. That means that you could see yourself leaving port by stopping at the
    right point and using a powerfull enough theoretical telescope. If your
    departure was broadcast to your destination, about a light week into space,
    you could watch yourself leave your point of origin almost week after you
    arrived at your destination!



    Since higher life is also social life, this displacement has a real
    effect on the mental state of star age (Ketueen) races. When you arrive at
    your destination, only hours after you leave port, a week would appear to have
    passed even though you did not really slip through time. The real
    displacement is that your only contact between these points will have been
    limited to light speed limited communications. This means less in the age of
    subspace radio, however, radio doesn't correct for your vision.



    You see your point of origin moving back in time as you leave and your
    destination moving forward as you approach it. At one time, this form of
    isolation posed a mental health threat to colonists. They would sometimes
    look out into space and see a time before their home star was created. Radio
    wasn't fast enough to counter this effect.



    Actual time disruption results in the dilation of time within the
    cabin of your ship as a result of it's forward momentum. We reduce this by
    compressing space along isolinear chanels between navigational points so that
    we can move through space at sublight speeds while covering lightyears in
    seconds. This dilation cannot be completely neutralized because the ship will
    be moving and ANY velocity results in this effect. N-Stable drive compensates
    better than the I-Fix system, but the dilation is still there.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    I-Fix Drive systems.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    --------------------



    Common warp drive units are in the I-Fix class since they do not
    involve moving through alternate dimensional vortexes. They are fixed in
    N-space which is the same 4-dimensional time-space within which the ship
    originated. These drive units rely on the principles of field accelleration
    to produce short-cuts between navigational points. This works by producing
    strong enough quantum fields along an isolinear corridor to produce an
    apparent shortening of linear space between two points in N-space.



    This effect is largely an illusion. Space itself does not really
    fold. The quantum field projected to appear just ahead of the body to be
    conducted along the warp chanel really accellerates the body in such a way
    that no inertia is experienced, thus it appears that space is moving and not
    the body being conducted along the chanel. As a result, the body within the
    field 'tricks' N-space into refreshing the structure of the body at a distance
    from where it could actually have been while bounded by the light speed limit.



    I-Fix drive mechanics is a combination between superstring theory and
    aether theory. Aether theory is the older of the two and was thought to have
    been disproven long ago, until revived by corrolaries of superstring theory
    and reletivity. Superstring theory is essential to warp dynamics in that it
    allows the bodies involved to be conducted along the warp chanel as the energy
    they are made of rather than as completed structures. If this was not
    possible, the quantum fields required to producte the warp effect would crush
    the body being conducted along them. Such bodies must be absorbed into the
    fields during movement.



    Aether theory expresses a material, called aether, through which
    magnetic waves propogate. Gravity is expressed as the consumption of aether
    by mass, kind of like the 'vacuum' produced near the drain plug of a tub.
    Superstring theory expands on this to say that the aether is not consumed, but
    that it oscillates into another dimension to return at another point where
    there is reletively no mass.



    Superstring theory is drawn from the fact that all 'solid particles'
    of matter can be diffracted by the 'double slit experament.' This indicates
    that subatomic particles are not solid, but standing waves. That leads to a
    new view of reality in that nothing is really solid. Warp theory draws from
    this to allow for a quantum field to be constructed along a field-frame such
    that the body within the field is indistinguishable from the field. At that
    point, the body cannot be destroyed by the field because there is no
    difference between the field and the body.



    Reletivity also helps here. Imagine that there are two stars, one on
    each horizon from where you are standing on a planet. Your planet is orbiting
    its star away from one star and toward the other. Since the speed of light
    must be a constant, and you would see it as higher on the star you are moving
    toward, there must be extra space compressed along the leading edge of your
    orbit to account for the additional distance the light from that star has to
    traverse to stay at a fixed speed. Likewise, there has to be a stretching of
    space so that the light from the star you are moving away from does not appear
    to be moving slower than C.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    N-Stable Systems.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    -----------------



    N-Stable drive units rely on the existence of dimensions which run
    along the same plane as N-Space yet have important differing properties. For
    example, hyperspace is a dimension which is essentially empty and has no light
    speed limit. These dimensions must run along the same plane as N-Space so
    that re-entry is possible after the distance required is traversed. The
    extancy of such planes is not beyond the reach of probability.



    Extra-dimentional travel for short distances requires entry into a
    plane which matches the state of N-Space adequately for the survival of the
    passengers of the vehicle making the journey and a shift in phase which
    produces an effect which can be mapped onto N-Space as faster than light
    momentum for a fixed period of time. The survival aspect of the requirements
    is understandable. Mapping an effect onto N-Space as a fixed period of FTL
    movement is a bit more complex, but the entire process wouldn't be worth much
    without it. Why bother using N-Stable drive if you cannot get anywhere you
    couldn't get just as easily without it?



    Hyperspacial travel is a limited subset of wormhole travel. A tunnel
    is created between two distant points in N-Space and the body travesing that
    distance jumps into it. This is a subset of wormhole travel, and not real
    wormhole travel, since a wormhole has no real length. True wormholes are
    direct connections between distant points in N-Space which can connect without
    regard for time or spacial distance.



    Wormholes are like mirrors running in reverse. You look at a mirror
    from the side and the mirror is an maybe inch thick. The reflection in the
    mirror is close to two dimensional, and should be two dimensional. Looking
    at the mirror from the front will yeild a reconstruction of 4 dimensional
    N-Space within the apparent space of the reflection. There is no true limit
    to the amount of space which can appear in this 2-D matrix. It will appear as
    large as the space being reflected by the mirror, and last as long as the unit
    of space being reflected.



    With a wormhole, the effect is reversed. You look into the wormhole
    and see the N-Space at a great, or not so great, distance from your current
    location. It could be across the room or across the universe. From the side,
    these locations will be separated by much more distance than they are through
    the wormhole. Apparently, the length of the womrhole from the outside is
    many times as great as the distance within the wormhole.



    Moving through the wormhole requires a reletive dimensional stabalizer.
    Any warp capable ship will be able to use the inertial field accellerator as
    a stabalizer and enter the wormhole. The real problem being that wormholes
    are are dimensionally unstable with a tendancy to collapse across any particle
    of solid matter which enters them. This effect is due to the quantum folding
    of N-Space which causes solid matter to hold its shape. Warp fields reduce
    the body within them into a single field frame which appears to be a
    collection of genesit particles held suspended across a magnetic matrix.



    Hyperspace uses wormholes to move into a paralell dimensional space
    which can be reletively smaller than N-Space or where the light speed limit
    does not exist. Since these dimensions overlap N-Space at every point,
    movement along these planes will allow you to re-enter N-Space through another
    generated wormhole at a distance so great that light could not cover the same
    distance in the same time frame. The case where space is reletively smaller
    is the most like standard I-Fix drive, but it is not the only application of
    compressed space. It is possible that the dimensions on the space you jump to
    can be twisted in such a way that your ports are directly adjacent.



    Perihelion is the most extreme case of spacial compression. In this
    case, only a single point covers all of N-Space. From perihelion, you can
    return to N-Space at any point in space-time without limits. This is the
    domain of a special breed of FLT drive called star-navigation. Bodies moving
    through perihelion using star-navigation are de-actualized for entry and then
    re-actualized by the star-navigator at their destinations.



    Spaces where the light speed limit does not exist also has an extreme
    case. It is possible that additional planes which overlap N-Space use the
    same time-space, however, they use it in differing orders. For example, time
    spent in one of these dimensions maps back to distance traveled at light
    speed. This is not all that impressive unless you realize that lateral
    movement maps back to time in N-Space, thusly the body can return to N-Space
    before it left. Since velocity is a matter of distance and time, the light
    speed limit technically does not exist in these dimensions.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Methodologies.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    --------------



    Now that the cold theory is basically finished, or as far as I intend
    to go for now, we can get into reducing the cold theory to practice. This is
    the exciting part even though it is really just a matter of math and
    demonstrations of the concepts expressed to this point. You are still years
    from reducing the hard science expressed here to your own working drive units
    even if you understand everything in the remainder of this thesis. That's why
    you spend years in the academy....


    <U>
    RGFC:</U>

    -----



    Long ago, the military was looking for a way to evade missile radar
    on ships. The experamanet was called the "Philidelphia Project." It worked
    by using a huge military degauser which cloaked the ship in question within a
    huge magnetic field. This ship was not onle radar invisible, but actually
    vanished, to reappear many miles from its starting point. Thusly began the
    application of spacial warp technology.



    A book was written in an attempt to explain why this happened, and the
    entertainment industry built a story around it so that most people didn't even
    know that there was a factual basis to the whole thing. This was an excellent
    cover for the dissemination of information and for keeping the general public
    from knowing what was really going on. All the truth was generally available
    and nobody who was uninitiated cared to look.



    From there, an experament began circulating through the underground
    based on the infamous millitary project. The file containing this experament
    is called "RGFC" for 'Reletive Gravity Field Control.' [Title breakdown is
    unconfirmed as of this writing.] This experament can be very hazardous if you
    are not fully prepared for the incredible heat it will generate, so extreeme
    caution should be used if you decide to go through with it. You will be
    working with 50 Kev DC power systems flowing through coils and that is very
    hazardous.



    RGFC starts with a thermoplastic tube about two feet long and 8 inches
    in diameter. A field coil is wound around this tube, and a second coil of
    equal capacity is placed within the tube. This tube is sealed, with care to
    be sure it can handle a great deal of heat and pressure, after flooding with
    glycerin. The glycerin was the optimal electrolyte for the system when the
    file was last updated. Both the internal and the external coils are charged
    to 50 Kev (DC), and then a 25 Kev power supply is split between the coils.
    Each of these three power sources must be independant to avoid crosovers which
    will drain the effect of this field wave guide. Connect the negative lead of
    the 25 Kev (DC) power supply to the negative pole of the central coil's power
    and the positive pole to the positive pole of the outer coil's feed.



    The original design called for a third coil to run through the exact
    center of the whole thing as an antenna to inject frequencies into the
    complete apperatus, however this has been replaced by looping a coil around
    the outside of the completed wave guide. This newer design makes for better
    field control. Structurally, the field guide is two electromagnetic coils
    with a capacitent field across them. A central iron bar might amplify the
    effect, however, it will also be subject to the same effect as the cores in
    high voltage transformers and deform from the pulses in the huge magnetic
    field. Powdered iron would be a better choice.


    <U>
    Pionizer:</U>

    -------------



    Based on this design, I came to the pionization core system. In
    essence, the pionization core is a more efficient and mineraturized version
    of the wave guide described in RGFC. Three elements are used, each one acting
    as the wave guide listed above, placed in a cone shape. Exact specifications
    of the pionization core are too sensitive to be released here, however, I must
    detail how to use the completed structure.



    Each pionization element has two power leads, and a pointed end. It
    takes three elements to form a completed pionization core, mounted about a
    circle so that the three elements are 120 degrees apart. (equadistant.) This
    assembly is tilted so that the pointed ends, close to the center, but not
    touching, are above the assembly. Antenna leads are fixed to the blunt end of
    each pionization element. Three elements is the minimum which can be used to
    steer a phased array in 3-dimensions, and the angle of the elements adds to
    the controllability.



    The power leads of the three elements are tied together under the
    centeral ring, however, they must not enter the actual field produced. Two of
    the elements are tied to the negative supply from the leads on the blunt end,
    with the third accepting the positive lead. Keeping the points of the three
    elements close together allows the quantum disturbance to be maintained within
    the tight magnetic bottle.

    <PRE> " /*\ " " + /-\ - " </PRE>


    <U>
    Element 117 [Neutronium]</U>

    ------------------------



    Now we need an intense power supply. Scientists theorize that the
    elements of the periodic table, which become radioactively unstable at about
    cesium in the periodic table, eventually return to stable elements. This
    happens at Neutronium, element 117. Neutronium is a black metal of massive
    density and semiconductive properties in the same class as Carbon, Silicon and
    Germanium. We know this from its placement on the periodic table.



    How does this give us power? Since element 117 is the first stable
    element in the periodic table, and decrease in the gravitostrong quantum field
    will result in spontaneous degeneration of neutronium into a mass of matter
    and anti-matter. This degradation is so fast that the inertia of the
    surrounding air is great enough to contain all but the magnetic energy
    emissions. Since this is conducted across the pionization field, we can tap
    the power easily.



    There is a missmatch in this form of matter anti-matter reaction which
    yeilds genesit particles. Positive matter and anti-matter do not have the
    same mass. Such an imbalance limits the stable state of the fuel burned in
    the reactor. Overburning will result in the build up of genesit particles and
    possible mass residue formation. Caution must be taken to keep the engines
    burning clean.



    Element 117 is not the only element which can be burned in this way,
    however, as it is the densest element easily effected by this process, it will
    result in the highest energy production. Heating the fuel increases the total
    energy production since it produces a corresponding reduction in nuclear
    stability before fuel burn is initiated. This reaction is bottled by the
    quantum field containment system and thusly is not constrained by the low
    pressure requirement of magnetically bottled mass anti-mass reactors.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Aether burners.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    ---------------



    The oscillations of quantum mass in the aether is another source of
    quantum energy. Since aether theory makes atoms themselves into mechanical
    systems, it is required that these systems have a source of energy in order
    to be maintained. Theoretically, aether burners draw their energy from the
    other dimensions into which the aether flows. There is a huge amount of
    energy available if the aether flow itself can be tapped.



    Aether burners are like paddle wheels placed in the flow or aether as
    it flows out of our dimension through the quantum distortions of solid mass.
    Higher masses naturally have greater quantum distortions yeilding a larger
    aether flow. While the aether is flowing between dimensions, it leaves low
    pressures surrounding the masses involved, and this causes reletive motion
    between any two masses which have aether flows associated with them. In short,
    gravity.



    Actual aether cannot be burned. If it was consumed, the universe
    itself would experience a much higher enthropy level than it does. Eventually,
    the universe would collapse inward upon itself as the fabric of aether into
    which space is woven would grow steadily smaller. Observed reality is better
    served by the theorem that aether simply oscillates back into N-Space at
    points of no mass.



    This theory also states that warp systems not be used close to any
    inhabited system because there is a maximal velocity to the aether flow of
    space and this results in a buildup of gravity in any place where warp systems
    regularly operate. Space takes time to compress and decompress. Use of warp
    systems in open, inter-stellar, space is advised since this space will have
    a lower compression and is most likely to decompress between jumps.



    Quantum energy theory states that energy can be extracted from this
    system indefinitely so long as the amount extracted in any quantum-moment is
    too small to promote a state change. In short, you can extract as much power
    from the field as you like, as long as you don't take so much at any one time
    that you deform the field. This amount of energy, constructively and
    destructively, is referred to as a quantum. Because this energy must be
    extracted in a single time period, a moment, the whole unit describing the
    quantity and time is called a quantum moment.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    The Formula....</H1></CENTER><HR>

    ---------------



    Calibrating the system for use requires knowing the relationship
    between the field and the reletive velocity generated. Since these tests
    have yet to be done to figure the precise amount of energy involved to create
    an effect of any measured amount, we will express our calculations based upon
    a set of known values which is specific to the configuration involved. These
    are:
    <OL>
    [*]) The radius of the resulting event horizon. All quantum compression
    fields result in the creation of apparent black holes. The event horizon
    is the exact point in this 'hole' where the excape velocity is C.</LI>
    [*]) Our distance from the center of the event. Center of gravity is an
    important constant in any spacial compression system. It is the best
    place to measure range from since it is the point at which all the force
    of the event appears to be comming from.</LI>
    [*]) Period of exposure. This one is kind of touchy since we can leave
    this value in the resulting value and have a velocity which is added to
    the reletive velocity of the ship to result in its final velocity much in
    the same way as you'd add windspeed to planet based flight through an
    atmosphere.</LI>[/list=a]
    [Factor 1, radius, is R | Factor 2, distance, is D | Factor 3, time, is T ]

    <CENTER> 2CR^2T/D^2 = compressed space.</CENTER>




    Quantum fields fall off by the inverse square law. Reletive to your
    starting point, you move off twice as far and the field is 1/4 as strong.
    1/2^2 = 1/4. (2^2 means 2 squared. Please accept my apology for not having
    a superscript key handy.) If you move off until you are 3 times as distant,
    the field strength is 1/9 since 1/3^2 is 1/9. This leads to an interesting
    observation which will be important in the actual calibration section.



    Mass builds up in 3 primary dimensions, however, the gravity falls
    off in only 2 dimensions. The effect of gravity, in keeping with the
    increased volume creating it, should be a minimum of cubed and it is only
    squared. Gravity appears to act in a strait line between the centers of
    gravity, thusly one dimension, and the other dimension is theorized to be
    time itself. Measuring gravity is always in a velocity, thus we need a
    distance and a time.



    At this point, our formula is 1/D^2 . Half as far from the center of
    gravity and the field is 4 times as great. 1/(1/2)^2 = 1/(1/4) = 4/1 = 4 .
    Four times as great as what? We have the answer in our list of reletive
    factors. Four times as great as C. C/D^2 leaves us with one problem. This
    formula is only valid if D is measured in units of R. We must free up the
    formula a bit by putting R into the equation to enforce the reletive balance
    for any system of measurement.



    R^2/D^2 . What we start out needing is (D/R)^2 which expresses D as
    how many units of R we are from the center of the event. This is important
    because our formula is only valid if D is measured in lengths of R. Then we
    we go through the conversion: (D/R)^2=(D/R)(D/R)=D^2/R^2 . Since this is on
    the bottom of the equation, C/(D/R)^2, we have to calculate 1/(D^2/R^2) which
    is R^2/D^2. The formula is now CR^2/D^2 .



    Our next constant is T. What we're after is a matter of distance, and
    calculating out the units of this equation, we resolve to a velocity:
    (m/s * m^2 / m^2 = m/s) To get rid of the seconds, we have to multiply 1/s
    by s. S is seconds, thus we need a time value in the equation. CR^2T/D^2 is
    the result. If we leave out the time constant, we'll have the accelleration
    added to some I-fix drives which place a quantum disturbance just ahead of
    them and 'fall' faster than light.



    The total compression of space really does not end at the center of
    gravity, so we end up with a total compression of 2CR^2T/D^2 . This is the
    weakest portion of the formula since, although undenyably real, can the ship
    really use this portion of the warp? Only if the ship crosses the center of
    gravity. There is only one safe way of doing that and it involves placing the
    center of the warp field within the ship itself.



    At the center of gravity, D=0. 2CR^2T/0^2 is undefined in common
    mathematics. In higher forms of math, it is possible to prove that 1/0 is not
    undefined, but infinity. This point must be avoided since there is no single
    point of N-Space which could contain more than all of N-Space. By the
    geometric definition of dimensions, this point is in another dimension.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Geometric Definition of Dimensions.</H1></CENTER><HR>

    -----------------------------------



    By definition, a point is a unit which occupies no space. Stack an
    infinite number of points, end to end, such that AB+BC=AC and you will have a
    line which is 1 unit in length and no units in width. AB+BC=AC is the sinple
    mathematical definition of between. It means that, the distance from A to B
    along a strait line, plus the distance from B to C along a strait line, is the
    same as the distance between A and C. Every point in this line is required to
    be between the point where you start and the point where you end up.



    Your line segment has no width. Stace enough of them side by side
    with each line being between your first line and your last line, and you will
    have a single plane with a width of 1 unit. Again, this simply requires an
    infinite number of lines and an extended definition of between. It does not
    matter what unit of measurement you end up with, the concept is the same.
    Zero times infinity is 1.



    I can hear many of your thoughts stating "zero times any NUMBER is 0."
    To this I respond, "what number?" Both zero and inifinity are concepts, not
    numbers. Zero is a place holder and takes the place of a number which has no
    value. Infinity is, by extension, also a place holder. Rather than having no
    value, infinity has ALL value. These concepts are opposites.



    Stacking an infinite number of planes will give you a single unit of
    height. The width of a true plane is infinite, as is the length of a true
    line. We have now come up to 3 dimensions and a fourth remains. It remains
    to be seen if N-Space is bounded or infinite in any single dimension, however
    theory leans toward N-Space being limited in all 4 dimensional planes which it
    crosses.



    An infinite stack of 3-D spaces will give you a single unit of
    duration. Q-Techs, such as myself, often refer to any single 3-D space as a
    moment. It is like a frame of film holding an infinitely small portion of
    time in a static representation. A moment lasts for no period of time and is
    a basic concept of physics. 4-D N-Space is dynamic and physical computation
    will be error prone because of imperfections in the way moments project across
    seconds, like the smearing of moving objects in any single frame of film.



    If we extend this, we end up with an infinite amount of time-space
    becomming a single unit of 5-D space. Our entire known reality is just a
    single point at this higher level. From this point, it would be possible to
    enter anywhere in our time-space. However, our N-Space is so small that it
    would be lost if you move at all in this higher plane.



    Star-Navigators are an odd breed of men in that they're born with the
    gift of being able to actualize across this vortex at perihelion. I will not
    get into these mechanics as it is beyond the scope of this paper, yet, it is
    a fasinating application of Quantum principle and mechanical capacity. Unless
    you have a star-navigator and the photon echo array he needs, do not cross
    this central vortex of the warp field.
    <HR><CENTER><H1>
    Pionizer Configuration </H1></CENTER><HR>

    ----------------------



    A standard, class 1, field frame is generated from an array of nine
    pionization elements arranged in 3 pionization cores. The pionization cores
    are equadistant around the ship's hull, forming an equalateral triangle. Class
    1 is primarily for small craft so this small assembly is sufficient as it is
    adequate also for our discussion. Three pionization cores, given enough power
    could handle a body of any size. Configuration is the key.



    Each core is made up of 3 pionization elements fashioned into a cone
    with the top cut off. The area between the points at the top of the cone is
    for the bottled quantum disturbance. In essence, the body of the warp capable
    structure is ringed with three contained 'black holes' at specific points
    along its hull. These cores are usually positioned just ahead of the center
    of the ship along a horizontle axis, with the cores facing forward in the
    same verticle plane.



    To use the drive, it must be calibrated at this point. The angle of
    the pionization cores must be adequate for the three quantum disturbances to
    combine ahead of the ship without passing through any part of the ship. If
    the fields intersect the body of the ship, structural instability will result.
    Tune the freequency injectors of each pionization element so that the quantum
    disturbance generated by each core will move along the skin of your ship at
    a distance no less than 1 diameter from impacting with any part of the ship.



    The minimal angle at which the 3 cores can combine quamtum fields as
    close the the nose of the ship as possible without hitting the skin, is called
    the ship's critical angle. Do not exceed this angle. Conversely, the power
    limits state that the quantum disturbances can only remain bottled up to a
    given distance from the pionization cores, the main reason that the cores are
    forward of the ship's center, and this is referred to as the range angle. As
    the term implies, this sets the ship's warp range by setting the maximum
    compression the ship can handle.



    At this point, the field looks like a cone. It originates from 3
    points and extends until the three field beams combine into a single field
    just ahead of the ship's nose. From this vortex, where the three quantum
    disturbance fields combine, a single compression chanel forms directly forward
    from the ship's nose. This is the ship's warp chanel.



    To chose a ship's vector, setting a course, you would draw a line from
    your ship's center of gravity to the destination point in space. Then, you
    steer the beams generated when each core extends it's quantum disturbance
    until the beams intersect at a point on that line as close to the ship's nose
    as possible. All three beams must be balanced so that no single field is
    clearely stronger than any other. When the beams combine, the entire front
    of the ship will become a singular field-frame and be pulled into the warp
    chanel. Your trip begins when the quantum-moment of the fields first reaches
    the inertia of your vessel.



    <CENTER><H3> Bon Voyage.</H3></CENTER>
    <A HREF="index.htm">Back to my home page.</A>

    <A HREF="pariah.htm">Back to Pariah Magazine.</A>

    Send comments here.
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    [This message has been edited by Time/02112 (edited October 17, 2000).]
     
  12. Epitectus Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    30
    A kind of propulsion (energy) could be a radio source from a star or a planet
     
  13. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    http://members.aol.com/overunity2/html/hamelfs.htm

    < !--This file created 17:50 28/09/1997 by Claris Home Page version 2.0-->
    <html>

    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
    content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
    <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0">
    <title>JLN Labs - The Hamel Flying saucer</title>
    <X-SAS-WINDOW TOP="52" BOTTOM="388" LEFT="8" RIGHT="538">
    </head>

    <body background="../images/bgmil.jpg" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">

    <p align="center"><font size="5"><strong><u>The Hamel Antigravity
    Device Project</u></strong><strong> </strong></font></p>

    <p align="center">created on 9 May 1997-<em><strong> JLN Labs</strong></em>
    - Last update on September 23th, 1999</p>

    <p align="center">Thanks to <a href="mailto:danswaay@yahoo.com">Dan
    LaRochelle</a></p>

    <hr>

    <p align="center"><img src="../images/hamfsv1.gif" border="1"
    width="777" height="528" x-sas-useimagewidth x-sas-useimageheight></p>

    <a href="hfsparts.htm"><font size="4">Detailled parts of
    the device ( click here )
    </font></a></p>

    <font size="5"><u>Basic Explanation of the principle</u></font></p>

    &quot; A tornado-like rushing of air moved up through the ship
    to produce a tremedous friction. The cone withing cone wobbled at
    high speed and were kept continously off-balance. As the cones
    wobbled and the air rushed between them, lighting-like flashes
    appeared between them. Hamel was shown the outside rim of the
    ship, where numerous opening served to allow the in and out
    motion of the air as it rushed between the wobbling cones. These
    air opening controlled not only the amount of air but the
    direction of flow. As the air was moved at high velocities
    through the gap between woobling cones, it became ionized to
    produce a stream of charged particles.</p>

    The cones not only produced energy but also provided
    propulsion. This was accomplished by a small weighted ball,
    rolling in circular path in a restricted space. The circular
    movement of this ball ( remember you the <a
    href="http://members.aol.com/overunity/html/hamspin3.htm">Hamel
    spinning top</a> experiment (<a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/videos/hmspn2mv.avi">see my
    video</a> )) appeared to have a falling motion, always seeking
    equilibrium.</p>

    <p align="center"><a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/videos/hmspn2mv.avi"><img
    src="../images/hamvanm.gif" width="159" height="119"
    x-sas-useimagewidth x-sas-useimageheight></a></p>

    The upper area of the cones were suspended on magnetic parts
    which were kept unbalanced to sustain the disruption of
    equilibrium to produce the wobbling effect. Imagine a horizontal
    disk, suspended on point, forever falling or tilting sideways as
    a metal ball rolled forward on its rim. This produced the
    grateful fluttering effect which Hamel likened to ' a butterfly
    above a magnetic field '. The magnet would not wear out because
    they were suspended on a magnetic field. Movement of the cones
    produced an electro-gravitational field to cause the ship to lose
    its connection with gravity, thereby neutralizing it's 'weight'.
    Movement of the ship could be controled by pulling the ball out
    of rotation......&quot;<u> Ref document</u> :
    &quot;Hamel.asc&quot; (KeelyNet BBS/ Jerry Decker)</p>

    <p align="center"><img src="../images/hfsanim.gif" border="1"
    width="550" height="385" x-sas-useimagewidth x-sas-useimageheight></p>

    This device use two principles. The first is call: &quot;Weight
    into Speed
    &quot;, the second is the &quot;Magnetic
    Principle
    &quot; :</p>

    <u>The &quot;Magnetic Principle&quot;</u> : It uses
    same principle as the &quot;Hamel Spinner&quot;. The
    destabilizing magnet on top is the &quot;Hamel Spinner&quot; and
    the first Cone that wobbles would equate to the smaller disc
    magnet and ball bearing. The Spinner wants to move in a circular
    path under the larger destabilizing magnet. That is in part why
    the cones Wobble. The cones want to seek equilibrium, but can
    only find it in a dymanic way ! The field that developes inside
    and around the device is a <u>gravity well</u>.</p>

    <p align="center"><img src="../images/twodisk.gif" width="224"
    height="135" x-sas-useimagewidth x-sas-useimageheight></p>

    <u>The &quot;Weight into Speed&quot; principle</u> :
    This pulls on the Cones or in the case of the &quot;Weight into
    Speed&quot; principle, pulls on the Granite Ball! The Ball
    continually falls into a black hole of potential energy, but
    never finding it in the process! A continuous motion!</p>

    <p align="center"><img src="../images/wbl3anm.gif" border="1"
    width="392" height="507"></p>

    Both the &quot;Magnetic principle&quot; and the &quot;Weight
    into Speed&quot; devices will, if built right, run for many
    thousands of years !</p>

    <p align="center"><a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/html/dhfsv1.htm"><img
    src="../images/dhfs1a.jpg" border="0" width="712" height="403"></a></p>

    <p align="left"><font color="#FF0000" size="4"><strong>See also :</strong></font></p>

    <blockquote>
    <blockquote>
    <p align="left"><a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/html/dhfsv1.htm"><font
    color="#FF0000" size="4"><strong><img
    src="../images/ufowarp.gif" border="1" width="112"
    height="60"></strong></font></a><font color="#FF0000"
    size="4"><strong> </strong></font><a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/html/dhfsv1.htm"><font
    size="4"><strong>The detailled diagram of the </strong></font><font
    color="#FF0000" size="5"><strong>H</strong></font><font
    size="4"><strong>amel </strong></font><font
    color="#FF0000" size="5"><strong>F</strong></font><font
    size="4"><strong>lying </strong></font><font
    color="#FF0000" size="5"><strong>S</strong></font><font
    size="4"><strong>aucer</strong></font></a><font size="4"><strong>
    </strong></font><font color="#FF0000" size="3"><strong>(
    updated 08-21-99 )</strong></font></p>
    </blockquote>
    </blockquote>

    <blockquote>
    <blockquote>
    <p align="left"><a
    href="http://members.xoom.com/jlnlabs/html/dhpicts.htm"><font
    color="#0000FF" size="5"><strong>The H.F.S. pictures
    album</strong></font></a><font size="4"><strong> </strong></font><font
    size="3"><em><strong>courtesy of the Hamel's teamwork.</strong></em></font><font
    color="#FF0000" size="3"><strong>( updated 09-21-99 )</strong></font></p>
    </blockquote>
    </blockquote>

    <hr>

    <font size="4">If you need more informations or if you have
    any suggestions send me your </font><a
    href="http://members.aol.com/jnaudin509/feedback.htm"><font
    size="4">Feedback</font></a><font size="4">

    <img src="../images/notepad.gif" align="middle" width="19"
    height="21" x-sas-useimagewidth x-sas-useimageheight>Email : </font><a
    href="mailto:JNaudin509@aol.com"><font size="4">JNaudin509@aol.com</font></a><font
    size="5"> </font></p>

    <hr>

    <p align="center">&nbsp; <font size="4">Return to </font><a
    href="http://members.aol.com/overunity/html/hammnu.htm"><font
    size="5">Hamel Technologies</font></a><font size="4"><strong>
    home page</strong></font></p>
    </body>
    </html>


    [This message has been edited by Time/02112 (edited November 03, 2000).]
     
  14. Sunbliminabubble Registered Member

    Messages:
    4
    Here is my version of the future

    Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!



    now - circa 2020
    conventional fossil
    fuel rockets; with new varients
    of the old solid-fuel rockets.
    circa 2020 - circa 2090
    Introduction of nuclear-powered
    aircraft; capable of going ground
    to space regularly. Later, types
    fusion engines capable of going
    Earth-to-Luna in under half an
    hour; Earth-to-Mars in under a
    week.
    circa 2090 - circa 2150
    Many conventional propulsion
    become obsolete with the
    introduction of space elevators
    and free-energy personal transport
    circa 2150 - circa 2230
    Numerous forms of free-energy
    propulsion systems become
    available; research into
    space-time harnessing devices
    begins. (e.i. the warp engine;
    hyperspace)

    My 20th century mind probably could not imagine what would happen much after that; and everything I just said above assumes that we will be going at a steady discovery rate and do not kill each other. Of course there are millions of other variables I did not take into account; but its just a message board

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    ------------------
    ************
    If everything is possible, what if the impossible happens?
     
  15. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    <H3>
    <a href=http://stream1.iims.intelonline.com/ViewWeb/PRN/File/CCAM3011212000.asx><img src=http://img.coasttocoastam.com/img/asf.gif width=20 height=20 hspace=3 vspace=1 border=0 alt=WIN></a>
    <FONT color="#DD0000">11/20/00 - Mon/Tue</FONT></H3>
    <BLOCKQUOTE>


    Guest: Dr. Eugene Mallove</p>
    <BLOCKQUOTE>



    Dr. Mallove, Editor-in-Chief and Publisher of Infinite Energy Magazine will discuss cold fusion and
    new energy technology. Dr. Mallove holds a Master of Science Degree and Bachelor of Science Degree
    in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT and a Science Doctorate in Environmental
    Health Sciences from Harvard University.


    Book: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1892925028/coasttocoastam/">Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor</a>

    Website: <a href="http://www.infinite-energy.com">www.infinite-energy.com</a>
    </BLOCKQUOTE>
    </BLOCKQUOTE>
    (Click on the windows media icon above, to listen to the pre-recorded broadcast.)
     
  16. kraiken Registered Member

    Messages:
    10
    Hi,
    Centrifical and/or perpetual energy. I like using electro magnets. I've been at it for years and it's hard to get it to work. This propulsion is for space and experiments in space are hard to emulate. Fuel is an option and the amount of propulsion is limited to it's structure characteristics and size. http://worldzone.net/international/kraiken/
    Good Luck!
    H. Kraiken
     
  17. Epitectus Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    30
    In a conventional propulsion system you need engine and a type of fuel to use, which will eventually run out. Normally it is a combustion type of engine which requires a mixture of fuel and oxygen. The engines are normally place at the rear of the vehicle/spaceship, which is inconceivable when creating a drag system.

    I thought of an idea using a type of laser with various gratings, lenses, mirrors, beam splitters, prisms etc The propulsion system will utilise a rotational engineered device i.e. root locus and gyroscopes. The geometry of the laser is incorporated in to the gyro device to manoeoveour the vehicle in any direction it wishes to go. The control mechanism is linked to this root locus and gyro control device and other electronic devices such as transducers and inclino compasses. etc

    The actual aerodynamics of the vehicle for transonic flow, hypersonic flow etc encompasses mesh generation and algorithms to create a computational model, to deal with the stresses and thermal energy flows like that in thermicoule circulation. The laser will be attached to the front of the vehicle where the beam will be directed. The beam will be used to drag the vehicle along at the speed of light.

    The The actual wiring of all of the electronic components will be protected with surge isolators etc. The energy that will power the laser will be renewable. The actual biomechanical process that will take place will power the laser.

    The actual mathematical calculations that need to take palce as well as calculating all of the geometry and navigation system is extremely difficult. The Laplace and Navier Stokes Equations are tough and I'm not sure whether they are correct. The device that I am building is only small and requires programming to some of the electronic components. This is a rough idea of a proposed propulsion system.

    The best part of my design I think is the gyro laser.

    Cheers

    What do you think?
     
  18. Time/02112 Senior Member Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    298
    < !doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
    <html>
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    <meta name="Author" content="Alexander V. Frolov">
    <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.7 [en] (Win95; I) [Netscape]">
    <title>related web links</title>
    </head>
    <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000">

    <center><font size=+2>Web links</font>


    <hr WIDTH="100%"></center>
    <a href="http://www.chat.ru/~zavclub/zcp.html">Inventor club</a>

    <a href="http://www.nuenergy.org/">www.nuenergy.org&nbsp; Bruce A.
    Perreault</a>

    <a href="http://www.fuellesspower.com/">Fuelless power</a>

    <a href="http://go.to/jlnlabs/">The JLN Labs web site</a>

    <a href="http://keelynet.com">Jeery Decker's Keely Net</a>

    <a href="http://www.spacefuture.com/">Space Future</a>

    <a href="http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Campus/2025/index.html">Gravity
    and Time</a>

    <a href="http://www.world-famous.com/DonKellyStuff/**DonKellyHomePage.html">Don
    Kelly</a>

    <a href="http://www.infinite-energy.com">Infinite Energy</a>

    <a href="http://www.world.std.com/~mica/cft.html">Cold Fusion Times</a>

    <font color="#3333FF"><a href="http://shaka.com/~kalepa/aquarian.htm">A.
    Couper's Web Site</a></font>

    <a href="http://kosmopoisk.null.ru/index.html">V.Chernobrov's Time
    Machine</a>

    <a href="http://windoms.sitek.net/~permob/">Perpetual Mobile</a>

    <a href="http://www.hasslberger.com">Josef Hasslberger, Italy</a>

    <a href="http://www.time-travel.com">Time Travel Web Site</a>

    <a href="http://www.iit.edu/~bosabri/time.html">Time Dimension Web
    Site</a>

    <a href="http://home5.swipnet.se/~w-58759/index.html">Vortex technology,
    V. Shauberger</a>

    <a href="http://www.sinor.ru/~che/grebennikov.htm">Levitation, biological
    antigravitation, Cavity structures effect by Grebennikov &amp; Zolotarev</a>

    <a href="http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Nebula/3735/">Space Genetics</a>

    <a href="http://www.servtech.com/~discjt/">Searl Effect</a>

    <a href="http://www.soteria.com/brown">T.T.Brown electrogravitics</a>

    <a href="http://www.electrogravity.com">Electrogravitational Mechanics</a>

    <a href="http://www.gyros.freeserve.co.uk">Gyroscope Propulsion</a>

    <a href="http://www.nidlink.com/~john1/idea.html">Magnet motors</a>


    <hr WIDTH="100%">

    &nbsp;
    </body>
    </html>
     
  19. draqon Banned Banned

    Messages:
    35,006
  20. weed_eater_guy It ain't broke, don't fix it! Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    1,516
    http://www.projectrho.com/rocket/rocket3c2.html

    A very cool little site with some usable approximation formulas, explenations of theoredical propulsion systems including chemical, electric-solar, passive solar, electric fission, direct fission, various fusion, and even antimatter propulsion systems. look around the site, there are even more goodies, it's really designed to help someone design a believable ship for a sci-fi novel (that's what i gather anyway)

    have fun!
     
  21. draqon Banned Banned

    Messages:
    35,006
    any .edu or .gov sites? ...
     
  22. EndLightEnd This too shall pass. Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    1,301
    ahhh, wall o text
     
  23. draqon Banned Banned

    Messages:
    35,006
    and the material this will be made of is? magic million times stronger than carbon nanotubes ponies riding?

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