How long would it take to reproduce our level of technology?

Discussion in 'General Science & Technology' started by Infrasound, Oct 7, 2009.

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  1. Infrasound Registered Member

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    The other day I was thinking to myself the following:

    If you were to drop a large group of people who possessed all the current scientific and engineering knowledge of the world, into an area with abundant natural resources BUT with absolutely no tools whatsoever - how long would it take for them to re-create an advanced level of technology, capable of producing as our goal for this example, a basic internal combustion engine powered car.

    I'll rephrase this question in the form of a thought experiment with the following caveats for the sake of simplicity.

    1.) They are located in an area with abundant and easily accessible natural materials, with no predators, year round perfect wheather and no disease. They live together harmoniously and the acquisition of food is no issue at all - they do not need to complete the domestication of animals for example.

    1.) There is enough of these people to complete the necessary tasks in parallel, such as the smelting of large amounts of metals.

    3.) Their knowledge is perfect, and subsequent knowledge inherit this knowledge perfectly as well, or perhaps lets say that these people do not even age.

    4.) Any other stupid issue I haven't covered is now covered by this sentence

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    All I want this post to focus on is the length of time required for the systematic process of advancing technology step by step, from stone tools to forged metals, synthesised chemicals and machines powered by internal combustion.

    Disclaimer: Honestly I'm a layman, so I can't even begin to guess how long it would take, I presume however you would reach a point where technology advancement increases at an ever faster rate, a "revolution" if you will.

    I'd estimate the entire process would take about 100 years.
     
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  3. one_raven God is a Chinese Whisper Valued Senior Member

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    I've seen soemone forge an engine block with a wodden mold he carved by hand and it was rated at over 500hp.
    Just something to factor in - WHO are these people? Not just their knowledge, but their experience and skills.
     
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  5. Nasor Valued Senior Member

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    It would partly depend on what sort of scale you're talking about. For example, building a modern oil refinery can take a year or more even when you have all the equipment etc. already. But if you just wanted to make a few gallons of gasoline to run a prototype car (instead of millions of gallons to run a civilization's worth of cars), you could probably whip a primitive little refinery using using ceramics, crude blown glass, and wood fires in just a few days or weeks.

    If everyone knew exactly what they were doing, I would guess that it could be very fast - probably a matter of just a decade or two. If there's a lot of metal etc. around, you could probably go from nothing to early 1800s steam tech more or less right away. It would just be a matter of making some crude tools that you then use to make high-precision tools that you then use to start making machinery.
     
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  7. Fraggle Rocker Staff Member

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    Well geeze that is certainly letting them off easy! Farming (the domestication of plants) and animal husbandry (ditto for animals) are the two technologies that comprise agriculture. The Agricultural Revolution ca. 11KYA was the Paradigm Shift that both permitted and required us to transform our small nomadic tribes into larger communities settled in one place. Without this, the subsequent paradigm shifting technologies--city building, metallurgy, industry and electronics--could never have taken place.

    I think it would be fascinating to put those people down on a wilderness planet, with a complete library of books on agriculture, and see how long it takes them to start growing their own plants and animals for food! Without that, in a few generations they'll be Mesolithic nomads again, lucky if there's a single person left who knows how to read all those useless books--or even remembers where he left them since they're too massive to carry around without wheels and draft animals.
    The process of using stone tools to build stone tools is very slow. They'll have to build Paleolithic Era-quality tools first, and then, second, make the transition to the Mesolithic by developing the skill to build better tool-making tools, which can, third, build more precise working tools. This requires manual dexterity and coordination comparable to a sport or a musical instrument. They might use up your whole hundred years becoming proficient tool-builders.

    Technology is not just about the abstract knowledge, it also requires the development of physical and mental skills.

    They're going to want to live comfortably while all of this is going on, so a significant portion of their labor and other resources is going to go into building stone houses, making clothes out of animal hides, weaving fibers, making pottery, not to mention carving flutes, brewing beer and inventing their own folk dances. Oh yeah... gathering and preparing food without modern technology is very time-consuming.

    I guess you're going to take pity on them and give them a pamphlet on how to start fire; that will save them the four hours a day it takes to consume a day's ration of protein by eating a raw dead animal without a metal blade to cut it up. (Without cooking, the food value in most plant tissue is inaccessible to us because it's sheathed in indigestible cellulose.)

    You've put too many stipulations in your scenario to make it realistic.
     
  8. John99 Banned Banned

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    that is true.

    for one thing just the knowledge of something is different than people who have some experience or even expert experience, so that should be taken into account. you said a basic ic automobile, basic as in an engine, 4 wheels, steeering etc. but not necessarily complete with sheet metal body doors, glass etc.

    given the above criteria, i would estimate 5-7 years or maybe even less.

    unless i read it wrong, maybe i did.
     
    Last edited: Oct 8, 2009
  9. Nasor Valued Senior Member

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    I suspect it would be much faster. Sure, making stone tools is hard, but if the only thing you do all day is sit around trying to make stone tools AND you already have written instructions/a general understanding of the procedure, I doubt it would take more than a few days or weeks to become proficient. And if there's metal just laying around on the surface waiting to be fashioned into something useful, you can more or less skip the stone age and jump to iron and steel right away.

    Edit: It only took so long to go from copper/bronze to iron and steel because of how long it took to figure out a way to smelt it properly. If you already knew how to do it, it wouldn't take very long to set things up to start making iron or steel tools.
     
  10. Grim_Reaper I Am Death Destroyer of Worlds Registered Senior Member

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    I agree with one raven it would depend on who they people were as to how long it would take. That is unless the people that were dropped knew everything there is to know then I would say after they finished puberty it would likly take them 10 to 20 years to reproduce a crude version of what we have but I really think it would take several generations of them to get back to the level we are at now. That is unless we are Talking about Gilligans Island here it only took them 5 or 6 seasons to get the comforts of home back.
     
  11. Nasor Valued Senior Member

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    Based on the OP, I though it seemed pretty obvious that they were supposed to be more or less perfect experts in everything, and it was just a matter of how long it took them to actually do the work of making all the stuff they needed.
     
  12. madanthonywayne Morning in America Registered Senior Member

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    Look at Battle Star Galactica. Here we are 150,000 years later and still no starships!
     
  13. quantum_wave Contemplating the "as yet" unknown Valued Senior Member

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    None in our vicinity, that's for sure.

    I think that the OP says that every hindrance to technological advancement is mitigated. But I worry about the motivation. If we are all comfortable, have all the food and shelter, amiable neighbors, no social problems, what is the motivation to strive for continual improvement?
     
    Last edited: Oct 10, 2009
  14. thinking Banned Banned

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    its one thing to have the knowledge required to produce a something , its quite another to have the facilities to do so

    200yrs at least
     
  15. baftan ******* Valued Senior Member

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    It is more or less asking the question of, for example, "how long would it take for nature to establish a copy of an elephant DNA?" Our current level of technology has its own -ongoing- evolution dynamics. And nothing can be isolated from its evolution or history of development. Forget about current technology, how long would it take to invent the wheel or how long would it take to control the fire? If we look at from here, we would say "a second" or "a minute". The reality has been slightly different.

    Ask this question: "how long would it take to create a technology which can show things in front of our eyes without using a screen?" We don't know, because we haven't been there yet. It will take its own time. And human technology has inevitable elements of human intentionality. Why did we not create electric cars in the first place instead of combustion engine? At the end of the day, there was/is not an example of combustion engine in nature, moving bodies does not produce steam or noise, our ancestors should have guessed that something was wrong in their design. It does not work like that: Technologic developments are not linear progress or advancement stories; just as natural evolution, they are trial and error, modification, replies to problems, mistakes and achievements...

    You also hinted the importance of the environment (a society without any disease, war or short supply). What will be the motivation factor(s) for this society? I am not saying that "sufferings are necessary for technologic achievements";quite opposite; mostly you need a relatively isolated environment, peace of mind or suitable workspace in order to create solutions. What I am saying is that the paces of technologic developments are dependent upon various factors including the level of previous technologic knowledge and products as well as the nature of the problem(s) (often decided by human agents and systems, unless nature pushes itself as asteroids, earthquakes or diseases).

    Even politics play an important role: Why didn't we create secured drinking water providers instead of designing atom bomb? Because it never occured to us that drinking water could ever be a serious problem comparing with your rivals' attempts to create the biggest bomb against you. We are apes with attitude, who knows what's going to happen next...
     
  16. Dywyddyr Penguinaciously duckalicious. Valued Senior Member

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    No it isn't, since we already know the principles.
    To recreate the technology would be working from an existing knowledge base.
     
  17. Enmos Valued Senior Member

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    That's cheating. Isolate a large group of children, provide no teaching etc, then drop them "into an area with abundant natural resources BUT with absolutely no tools whatsoever".
    That's a much more interesting question.


    To answer yours, if the group contained experts of all needed areas of expertise, a few years perhaps (if they really wanted to).
     
    Last edited: Oct 10, 2009
  18. Infrasound Registered Member

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    Well, if history is any benchmark to go by, I'd say about 200,000 years for an uneducated group of homo sapiens to build a car

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    Obviously my original question is an unrealistic and contrived scenario - reality contains far more variables, that's not even necessary for me to say.

    However, I believe that if we can roughly estimate the amount of time it takes to physically progress through each step, then afterwards we can begin to factor in those other fuzzy variables which would impede progress.

    Call me what you will, but I'm hoping at least some of what groups like "The Disclosure Project" claim is proved true, and that it will indeed be alien technology which provides us with the next quantum leap forward - without us having to stumble upon it at an agonizingly slow pace.

    Interestingly, if you read the claims made by Lieutenant Colonel Philip J. Corso (wikipedia him) much of the modern progress made in the fields of fiber optics, lasers, and integrated circuits back in the 1960's was made possible by study of recovered alien material, which was distributed out to industry for reverse engineering by the convenient cover of the "Foreign Technology" desk in "Army Research and Development".

    Of course, that could all be a load of bullcrap, but it gives me some hope for other major breakthroughs to suddenly be achieved within our lifetime.

    Food for thought at least.
     
  19. baftan ******* Valued Senior Member

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    Read properly before you say anything.

    It was an analogy to describe the non-linear nature of human technology. Nobody said "human technology is equal to DNA" or anything like that. You have to use already established knowledge (wheel, electromagnetic, combustion etc.) in order to produce a car. DNA does the similar thing and use the codes of eye, teeth, etc. to establish an elephant DNA. Both processes takes time, and both processes require previous sets of knowledge, method, or code.

    In somewhere else you would easily say "...,since we don't completely know the principles". I know that, I am familiar to your approach.
     
  20. Dywyddyr Penguinaciously duckalicious. Valued Senior Member

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    Do you actually think before posting?

    And I didn't go anywhere near that.

    The OP:
    In other words, working from an established base to recreate current technology that group would start knowing what to do: no hit and miss, no working out science from scratch...

    And that knowledge was built up over centuries, which the group in the OP would NOT have to do.

    But not in this case.

    No you aren't, you appear to have missed it completely.
     
  21. madanthonywayne Morning in America Registered Senior Member

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    Agreed.
    That's not entirely true.......

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    The potential acuity meter tests a patients "potential acuity" by projecting an image directly onto his retina. The patient actually sees the chart as if it were in front of his eyes.

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    This allows the doctor to determine what vision a patient might expect to have after cataract surgery or a corneal transplant (two common varieties of media opacities).
     
  22. Fraggle Rocker Staff Member

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    I can tell that you've never tried to learn to play a musical instrument. Using stone tools to make stone tools is that hard.
    Huh??? The only metal lying around on the surface of this planet was meteoric iron. That's where the Olympic sport of the shotput came from. The guy who could throw the meteor the farthest got to keep it. That much elemental iron was worth a fortune.

    Are you going to strand these people on some other civilization's garbage dump planet, so all they have to do is melt down old refrigerators?
    Where do they get the raw material? Mining was only practical on a useful scale once animals were domesticated for draft, so they could haul the ore. Does this hypothetical planet have large non-predatory animals that can be domesticated?

    Don't forget that the Bronze Age was only possible when cities made of stone and wood--Neolithic civilizations--had already sprung up and began trading with each other. Copper and tin ore are virtually never found in close proximity to each other. Neither metal alone makes a very sturdy tool.

    Now of course the invention of the technology of iron metallurgy changed all that because it only requires one type of ore that is quite abundant. (In fact the Iron Age saw a breakdown in the old alliances and more wars, since each city could be self-sufficient.) But I'm a little weak on iron engineering. Would it be possible to jump-start the Iron Age directly, without having bronze tools to start with? What kind of technology do you have to already have, in order to build a fire hot enough to melt iron?
    We seem to be programmed that way. We're never content. Even the Amish use tractors! Technology has made us steadily more comfortable since the invention of language or the taming of fire (no one will probably ever know which of those technologies came first), yet we use every technology to invent new ones. We go through spells of stagnation like the Dark Ages (which scholars tell us is a mighty exaggeration anyway), only to burst out in a flurry of invention like the Renaissance.

    The Chinese were a people much like you describe. Their traditions discouraged innovation and they had a fairly stable, amiable civilization. Yet they still invented the abacus, gunpowder and printing. And now that those old traditions have been thrown off they are absolutely mainlining technology, making up for lost time.

    Comfort is relative and we always want more. When I was a kid houses and cars did not have air conditioning--in Arizona of all godforsaken places. But we thought we were doing well because we had a house and not just one car but two. We just put up with the sweat and thirst. Today I wouldn't dream of living in a temperate climate without air conditioning.

    People lived without recorded music for millennia--meaning most of them had virtually no music at all except occasional unaccompanied amateur singing. Then the nickelodeon came along, then wax records, then radio, then stereo, then cable TV and music videos... Now half the human race would be bereft without their iPods. That level of comfort is no longer regarded as a luxury.

    The same is true of just about everything in our lives. I couldn't live without chocolate; it's one of the major items in my food budget, the last and most important course in every meal and several breaks in between. But chocolate as we know it was only made possible by industrial processing and didn't exist 150 years ago. (We would call what the Aztecs had, "cocoa bean tea.")

    Technology begets technology and we have no trouble turning innovations into necessities. The time between Paradigm Shifts--new technologies that were quantum jumps in our transcendence over nature and completely changed our environment-- used to be measured in millennia. Fire--agriculture--civilization--bronze--iron--industry--but then the Industrial Revolution picked up the pace. It was only about 200 years from industry to electricity, less than a century to electronics, a few decades to computers, and suddenly the internet spawned the Post-Industrial Era during the lifetime of people like me who remember living in a town with no TV.

    Technological innovation keeps becoming easier, and people are always delighted to integrate its advances into their lives. It doesn't matter if they're already happy. Nobody minds becoming happier.
    Huh??? I saw my first hologram almost sixty years ago.
    We already had external combustion (steam) powered locomotives, so it was a natural step forward. We did use electric motors on the first urban transit systems. But cars don't drive on preset routes so there are no wires to deliver the electricity. Even today, storage battery technology is only barely at the point that it can be used in personal vehicles. 120 years ago it was inconceivable. Combustion was the only way to power a vehicle of unrestricted mobility.
    But there's no example of an electric engine either. I suppose you can quibble and say that our musculature uses electrical energy for its control signals, but they are powered by direct conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy.

    The hypothetical scenario in the O.P. shortcuts what could be the most interesting part of this discussion: the way one technology leads the way to another.
    • First, we learned to use rocks and sticks as tools.
    • Then we learned how to use rocks to shape other rocks into more precise tools.
    • These tools made it easier to kill game, giving us more free time to think about other things we might want to do.
    • Then we tamed fire. This first Paradigm Shift gave us more hours of light to plan our activities, and increased our life expectancy by making us safe from nocturnal predators--so we could grow older and wiser.
    • Cooked meat is faster to eat so we had three more hours of free time every day.
    • Heating rocks makes it easier to fashion them into precise tools. Heating the point of a wooden spear hardens it. Our hunts became more prolific, giving us more free time, and our more sophisticated tools allowed us to do more with it.
    • We figured out that plants grow from seeds, and learned how to plant a seed and water it to grow a new plant. Of course this only mattered because we had fire to cook those plants.
    • Cultivated crops gave us a reason to build permanent settlements.
    • They also made us less dependent on hunting, so we could give up our nomadic lifestyle. This second Paradigm Shift, into permanent homes, allowed us to think about inventing furniture, pottery, and all sorts of tools and artifacts that are too bulky for nomads to carry. There was an explosion of technology.
    • Division of labor and economy of scale make larger agricultural villages more prosperous than smaller ones. This created the first food surplus in history and encouraged once-hostile tribes to band together into communities.
    • People living in permanent homes can build fences, and we learned how to domesticate animals.
    • The nutritional advantage is obvious but we also had the power of draft animals for plowing and transportation.
    • Eventually villages grew into cities. The fundamental change that made this the next Paradigm Shift was having to learn to live in harmony and cooperation with total strangers.
    • This required the invention of government and accounting.
    • We figured out that the potter's wheel could be adapted for transportation.
    • Large animals pulling wagons revolutionized travel and trade, and commerce as we know it was born.
    All of these key technologies had to be invented before we could even think about building a fire hot enough to melt rocks and extract metal from them. Once metallurgy was invented, the pace of technological advance quickened.

    There were reasons that things happened in a certain sequence, and this was a very rich period in our history. Put your group of hotshots with Kindles full of reference libraries down in any one of these scenarios and see how quickly they could advance to the next level of technology.

    One lifetime to go from fire to MTV? I don't think so.
     
    Last edited: Oct 12, 2009
  23. Nasor Valued Senior Member

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    What is your basis for saying this? Is that just your best guess as to how difficult it is, or have you actually spent a considerable time trying to make stone tools? Also, even if we assume that it is as difficult as learning an instrument, if you make it your full-time job I don't think it would take more than months to get reasonably proficient. If someone spends 14 hours/day learning the piano, he's going to get pretty good in a couple of months. No, he probably won't be as good as some neolithic guy who has been doing it for years, but good enough to make the necessary tools to start smelting iron.
    At one time you could find significant amounts of iron ore just sitting around on the earth's surface that could be fed directly into a furnace and smelted. Since in the OP's scenario the people are already experts at iron smelting, it would probably just be a matter of constructing a wood/clay furnace, going down to the local stream bed for some big chunks of hematite, and getting to work. Yes, constructing the furnace will be a chore, you'll have to get good enough at pottery to make things the shape you want, etc. But I still think that would be more a matter of months than years, especially if you already know how it's supposed to be done.
     
    Last edited: Oct 12, 2009
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